The India captain MS Dhoni has retired from
Test cricket, the Board of Control for Cricket
in India (BCCI) announced on Tuesday.
" MS Dhoni has chosen to retire from Test
Cricket with immediate effect ," the BCCI
posted on its Twitter feed.
The news was announced shortly after the 33-
year-old wicket-keeper batsman had led India
to a draw in the third Test against Australia
in Melbourne. The result meant Australia
won the series and regained the Border-
Gavaskar trophy . Virat Kohli will take over
the captaincy for the fourth and final Test,
which begins in Sydney on 6 January, with
India trailing 2-0 in the series.
BCCI secretary Sanjay Patel paid tribute to
Dhoni, who made his 90th and now final Test
appearance in Melbourne. "One of India's
greatest Test captains under whose leadership
India became the No1 team in the Test
rankings, MS Dhoni has decided to retire
from Test cricket citing the strain of playing
all formats of cricket," Patel said in a
statement released by the BCCI.
"MS Dhoni has chosen to retire from Test
cricket with immediate effect in order to
concentrate on ODI and T20 formats. [The]
BCCI, while respecting the decision of MS
Dhoni to retire from Test cricket, wishes to
thank him for his enormous contribution to
Test cricket and the laurels that he has
brought to India."
MS Dhoni announces immediate retirement fromInternational Test Cricket
NEW DELHI: In a surprise decision, MS Dhoni on Tuesday
announcement his retirement from International Test
Cricket with immediate effect. According to the BCCI
release, Dhoni has chosen to retire from Test Cricket
with immediate effect in order to concentrate on ODI
and T20 formats.
"One of India's greatest Test Captains under whose
leadership India became the No. 1 team in the Test
Rankings MS Dhoni, has decided to retire from Test
Cricket citing the strain of playing all formats of
Cricket," read the BCCI press release.
"BCCI while respecting the decision of M S Dhoni to
retire from Test Cricket, wishes to thank him for his
enormous contribution to Test Cricket and the laurels
that he has brought to India," the release said.
Valiant while you led. Valiant in your departure.
#Respect @msdhoni pic.twitter.com/w6xdnebG3s
— Suresh Raina (@ImRaina) December 30, 2014
Virat Kohli will be the captain of the Indian Team for the
Fourth and Final Test against Australia to be played in
Sydney from the January 6, 2015.
Meanwhile, Australia reclaimed the Border-Gavaskar
trophy with a draw in the third test, as India resisted the
home team's attack and batted out the final afternoon
session.
Virat Kohli (54) and Ajinkya Rahane (48) led India's
resistance after an early collapse, and the visitors
reached 174-6 chasing the improbable victory target of
384, with stumps called four overs early.
Australia, knowing a draw would be enough to secure a
series victory, waited until lunch to declare its second
innings at 318-9, and ran out of time to bowl India out.
(With inputs from AP)
announcement his retirement from International Test
Cricket with immediate effect. According to the BCCI
release, Dhoni has chosen to retire from Test Cricket
with immediate effect in order to concentrate on ODI
and T20 formats.
"One of India's greatest Test Captains under whose
leadership India became the No. 1 team in the Test
Rankings MS Dhoni, has decided to retire from Test
Cricket citing the strain of playing all formats of
Cricket," read the BCCI press release.
"BCCI while respecting the decision of M S Dhoni to
retire from Test Cricket, wishes to thank him for his
enormous contribution to Test Cricket and the laurels
that he has brought to India," the release said.
Valiant while you led. Valiant in your departure.
#Respect @msdhoni pic.twitter.com/w6xdnebG3s
— Suresh Raina (@ImRaina) December 30, 2014
Virat Kohli will be the captain of the Indian Team for the
Fourth and Final Test against Australia to be played in
Sydney from the January 6, 2015.
Meanwhile, Australia reclaimed the Border-Gavaskar
trophy with a draw in the third test, as India resisted the
home team's attack and batted out the final afternoon
session.
Virat Kohli (54) and Ajinkya Rahane (48) led India's
resistance after an early collapse, and the visitors
reached 174-6 chasing the improbable victory target of
384, with stumps called four overs early.
Australia, knowing a draw would be enough to secure a
series victory, waited until lunch to declare its second
innings at 318-9, and ran out of time to bowl India out.
(With inputs from AP)
11 REASONS WHY GUJJUS ARE THE MOST AMAZINGPEOPLE IN INDIA
1. All of them are intelligent While most of us were struggling with
basic math in first grade, the young 'Patel-boy' was busy calculating
the profit he made by selling candy to an unsuspecting punjabi lad.
2. The are soft spoken While most of the languages in their neighboring
states (haryana, rajasthan among others) sound like Hitler giving a
execution order, gujjus sound like marshmallow in fantasy-land.
3. They are mavericks at any given business. Their business literally
run the country, while we went partying last night our 'gujju-bhai'
bought another company.
4. The perfect gujju ladies rule Now if you want that perfectly
balanced girl, the one who has the perfect mix of intelligence and
beauty – Then you should probably try hard to impress your Gujarati
neighbor. Remember in the words of Jassi – 'Kem Cho Majame Cho… dil la
gayee kudi gujrat di'
5. Gujrati Food gives you food-gasm Bored with the monotonous taste of
butter chicken or south indian spices, gujrati food is the one you need
to go for. While most other delicacies are designed only for your taste
buds, Gujju food is known to get along well with your entire system.
Hail Dhokla !
6. They are peace loving Gujjus know how to handle matters peacefully,
on the other hand in a similar situation you are more likely to see
broken bones and blue eye patches at other places in India.
7. Gujjus are independent Thins is another quality which makes our
guujus so ingenious, moreover this quality is not only limited to their
actions but they even think independently thus giving birth to great
inventive ideas.
8. Land of Amul is undoubtedly the 'Taste of India' We all grew up
consuming Amul products in one form or another, while its is
undoubtedly yummy Amul is also credited for changing the lives of
millions of people – it was 'crowd-sourcing' way before the term was
cool. FYI – Amul is a case study at various ivy league colleges across
the globe.
9. They are strong headed and determined While a quite a few clans in
India can be proud of the same quality, but when we actually sit down
and evaluate scores – this one great person called 'Sardar Patel' will
make every other one wet their pants. After all he was the one whose
strong-headedness prevailed over others, killed all the bloated egos
and brought our lovely country together 9. They are strong headed and
determined While a quite a few clans in India can be proud of the same
quality, but when we actually sit down and evaluate scores – this one
great person called 'Sardar Patel' will make every other one wet their
pants. After all he was the one whose strong-headedness prevailed over
others, killed all the bloated egos and brought our lovely country
together
10. They literally invented 'Party All Night' While america was still
waiting to be discovered and Europe was still waiting for a cultural
revolution our people back in gujju-land were parting all though the
night during the still happening navratri season.
11 . The last but not the least – A certain man called 'Narendra Modi'
is from gujarat
basic math in first grade, the young 'Patel-boy' was busy calculating
the profit he made by selling candy to an unsuspecting punjabi lad.
2. The are soft spoken While most of the languages in their neighboring
states (haryana, rajasthan among others) sound like Hitler giving a
execution order, gujjus sound like marshmallow in fantasy-land.
3. They are mavericks at any given business. Their business literally
run the country, while we went partying last night our 'gujju-bhai'
bought another company.
4. The perfect gujju ladies rule Now if you want that perfectly
balanced girl, the one who has the perfect mix of intelligence and
beauty – Then you should probably try hard to impress your Gujarati
neighbor. Remember in the words of Jassi – 'Kem Cho Majame Cho… dil la
gayee kudi gujrat di'
5. Gujrati Food gives you food-gasm Bored with the monotonous taste of
butter chicken or south indian spices, gujrati food is the one you need
to go for. While most other delicacies are designed only for your taste
buds, Gujju food is known to get along well with your entire system.
Hail Dhokla !
6. They are peace loving Gujjus know how to handle matters peacefully,
on the other hand in a similar situation you are more likely to see
broken bones and blue eye patches at other places in India.
7. Gujjus are independent Thins is another quality which makes our
guujus so ingenious, moreover this quality is not only limited to their
actions but they even think independently thus giving birth to great
inventive ideas.
8. Land of Amul is undoubtedly the 'Taste of India' We all grew up
consuming Amul products in one form or another, while its is
undoubtedly yummy Amul is also credited for changing the lives of
millions of people – it was 'crowd-sourcing' way before the term was
cool. FYI – Amul is a case study at various ivy league colleges across
the globe.
9. They are strong headed and determined While a quite a few clans in
India can be proud of the same quality, but when we actually sit down
and evaluate scores – this one great person called 'Sardar Patel' will
make every other one wet their pants. After all he was the one whose
strong-headedness prevailed over others, killed all the bloated egos
and brought our lovely country together 9. They are strong headed and
determined While a quite a few clans in India can be proud of the same
quality, but when we actually sit down and evaluate scores – this one
great person called 'Sardar Patel' will make every other one wet their
pants. After all he was the one whose strong-headedness prevailed over
others, killed all the bloated egos and brought our lovely country
together
10. They literally invented 'Party All Night' While america was still
waiting to be discovered and Europe was still waiting for a cultural
revolution our people back in gujju-land were parting all though the
night during the still happening navratri season.
11 . The last but not the least – A certain man called 'Narendra Modi'
is from gujarat
Top Five ways to protect emails in the event of a hacking attack
The Sony hack, the latest in a wave of company security breaches,
exposed months of employee emails. Other hacks have given attackers
access to sensitive information about a company and its customers, such
as credit-card numbers and email addresses. One way hackers can sneak
into a company is by sending fake emails with malicious links to
employee inboxes. Here are five simple steps to make your email more
secure and limit the harm a hacker can have:
Archive Early and Often Most corporate email systems allow people to
set up regularly scheduled archiving so that emails are moved off of
the server after a certain number of days. You can still check archived
emails on your work computer, but they are no longer easily accessible
on websites outside the office or on your phone. That limits hackers'
ability to access those emails too. You can make exceptions for emails
that you want to keep in your active inbox, and they won't be archived.
Get Organised As emails come into your inbox, deal with them. Sort them
into folders. This segments your data, requiring an attacker to know
which folder to go to, or to take multiple steps to search for wanted
information.
Paired with archiving, it also ensures that what the hacker does
compromise is limited and known for any future damage assessment.
Sensitive information can also be removed from your inbox. For example,
delete an email and save what you need to your hard drive or an
external drive.
Keep Work and Personal Emails Separate Don't use your work email for
personal email or activities online. That limits details a hacker can
glean about you to conduct more sophisticated attacks targeting you as
the entryway into your company's system. For example, hackers can learn
about your shopping habits or personal hobbies and use those to send a
phishing email that appears to come from websites you bought goods from
or read frequently. Phishing messages route you to a fake address and
allow hackers to gain access to your system. Don't Click on Unexpected
Links And Attachments If you receive an email with a link or attachment
you weren't expecting, send the person a separate email asking whether
the first email was legitimate. For links from companies such as
banking institutions, hover your cursor over the hyperlink or
right-click to show the link's final destination. Before you click,
make sure the address that pops up when you hover over the link matches
where the hyperlink says you'll be sent. If unsure, use a new window
and physically type in the website's address to conduct your business.
If You See Something, Say Something If your email is acting up or a
link or attachment strikes you as strange, forward it to your IT
department as quickly as possible. Your attention and fast response may
prevent someone else at your company from making a mistake.
exposed months of employee emails. Other hacks have given attackers
access to sensitive information about a company and its customers, such
as credit-card numbers and email addresses. One way hackers can sneak
into a company is by sending fake emails with malicious links to
employee inboxes. Here are five simple steps to make your email more
secure and limit the harm a hacker can have:
Archive Early and Often Most corporate email systems allow people to
set up regularly scheduled archiving so that emails are moved off of
the server after a certain number of days. You can still check archived
emails on your work computer, but they are no longer easily accessible
on websites outside the office or on your phone. That limits hackers'
ability to access those emails too. You can make exceptions for emails
that you want to keep in your active inbox, and they won't be archived.
Get Organised As emails come into your inbox, deal with them. Sort them
into folders. This segments your data, requiring an attacker to know
which folder to go to, or to take multiple steps to search for wanted
information.
Paired with archiving, it also ensures that what the hacker does
compromise is limited and known for any future damage assessment.
Sensitive information can also be removed from your inbox. For example,
delete an email and save what you need to your hard drive or an
external drive.
Keep Work and Personal Emails Separate Don't use your work email for
personal email or activities online. That limits details a hacker can
glean about you to conduct more sophisticated attacks targeting you as
the entryway into your company's system. For example, hackers can learn
about your shopping habits or personal hobbies and use those to send a
phishing email that appears to come from websites you bought goods from
or read frequently. Phishing messages route you to a fake address and
allow hackers to gain access to your system. Don't Click on Unexpected
Links And Attachments If you receive an email with a link or attachment
you weren't expecting, send the person a separate email asking whether
the first email was legitimate. For links from companies such as
banking institutions, hover your cursor over the hyperlink or
right-click to show the link's final destination. Before you click,
make sure the address that pops up when you hover over the link matches
where the hyperlink says you'll be sent. If unsure, use a new window
and physically type in the website's address to conduct your business.
If You See Something, Say Something If your email is acting up or a
link or attachment strikes you as strange, forward it to your IT
department as quickly as possible. Your attention and fast response may
prevent someone else at your company from making a mistake.
Pk The Film free Download
Pk The Film free Download link
Movie Name : PK (2014)
Category : Bollywood Hindi Movies
Source : DVDSCR/SCAM/pDVD
Release Date : 19 December 2014
Genre : Action | Comedy | Crime | Romance
Starcast : Aamir Khan, Anushka Sharma, Sushant
Singh Rajput, Boman Irani, Sanjay Dutt
download links
http://extratorrent.cc/torrent/3927146/PK(2014)+1+CD+xvid+PDVD+RIP-MP3-Team+TellyTNT+Exclusive.html
link 2
http://kickass.so/pk-2014-1cd-pdvd-rip-x264-aac-audio-cleaned-derek-dus-t9985347.html
Disclaimer: This links are found on internet. we are just sharing
links. we had not uploaded the movie.
Movie Name : PK (2014)
Category : Bollywood Hindi Movies
Source : DVDSCR/SCAM/pDVD
Release Date : 19 December 2014
Genre : Action | Comedy | Crime | Romance
Starcast : Aamir Khan, Anushka Sharma, Sushant
Singh Rajput, Boman Irani, Sanjay Dutt
download links
http://extratorrent.cc/torrent/3927146/PK(2014)+1+CD+xvid+PDVD+RIP-MP3-Team+TellyTNT+Exclusive.html
link 2
http://kickass.so/pk-2014-1cd-pdvd-rip-x264-aac-audio-cleaned-derek-dus-t9985347.html
Disclaimer: This links are found on internet. we are just sharing
links. we had not uploaded the movie.
PK REVIEW: AAMIR KHAN & VIDHUVINOD CHOPRA WILL STEAL YOURHEART
What is the film 'PK' all about? Will Aamir
Khan be able to stun fans with his ability
to do something different, again? Will the
filmmaker Rajkumar Hirani's much
anticipated film set the cash registers
ringing at the box office? Well, these are
the questions that popped up ever since
the first promo of the film was released.
After five years, we finally have Rajkumar
Hirani's masterpiece on silver screen
through PK and it needs to be mentioned
here that the director has taken
filmmaking to another level altogether. PK
has a depth, which formulates a message
that can also be debatable.
Stars- Aamir Khan, Anushka Sharma,
Saurabh Shukla, Sanjay Dutt, Sushant
Singh Rajput, Boman Irani
Director- Rajkumar Hirani
Music- Shantanu Moitra, Ajay-Atul, Ankit
Tiwari and Ram Sampath
It starts with Jaggu (Anushka Sharma) a
journalist student in Bruges, Belguim who
after completing her studies comes back
to her hometown in India. Here she meets
PK (Aamir Khan) who has his own weird
techniques to deal with things in society.
He is a never seen before any human
being and his style of dressing becomes a
humorous point of accentuation, his
manner of seeing the world is a matter of
concern. There are many such unanswered
questions by PK which initially become a
butt of jokes but on a major scenario it's
debatable.
This catches Jaggu's attention and she
along with PK goes on to find the answers
to these peculiar questions. Who is PK,
what is his puzzle and why Jaggu finds it
interesting? Find it all in this Rajkumar
Hirani directorial.
Now while its storyline is fascinating, PK
has ample surprises which unfold layer by
layer remarkably. But one thing, which
needs to be made clear is that PK is not a
out an out comedy-caper as its trailer and
songs have hinted towards yet carrying the
same thought-process while stepping into
the theatres won't disappoint you. While
there is a serious subject Rajkumar Hirani
is dealing with and his ways of presenting
the entire issue turns out to be humorous.
It all goes side by side or rather say there
is a parallel journey throughout. With
dialogues by Abhijaat Joshi and Rajkumar
Hirani himself the narration becomes more
gripping and entertaining particularly with
Aamir Khan's Bhojpuri dialect. We won't
reveal as to how the language is inserted
in the flick but we tell you it's an
interesting part to know.
While the narration in the movie is water-
tight, the performance of the actors seems
to be fantastic. There is no way, a movie
is fake and pale, when we have Boman
Irani who is hailed in all Hirani's films or
National Award winning Saurabh Shukla.
Saurabh is playing the role of a self-styled
Godman and the director never misses a
chance to take a dig and intentionally
mock such real-life characters spread
across the society.
Boman Irani's short appearance in the
movie is crucial but it provides an
essential link to the events happening
around. Sanjay Dutt's cameo is too
delightful.
Sushant Singh Rajput, is wrapped up in the
first half. We wish, Hirani could've used
more of him.
Anushka Sharma as a curious journalist is
great while her friendly chemistry with
Aamir Khan is amusing and captivating.
And do we need to mention that Aamir
Khan is the show-stealer? The actor
masterfully and magnificently delivers a
tough act in the flick. More than his words
it's his expressions, which add volume.
There is a big surprise around his
character, which is cleverly written and
wonderfully performed.
'PK' CELEBS REVIEW: HERE IS WHAT
CELEBS HAVE SAID ABOUT THE FILM.
Divya Dutta: Salutes raju hirani..u made
me smile, u made me laugh n u made me
cry n u got me thinking!!! #pk . Ur the
best!!!!!
Sachin Tendulkar: "The film is superb. I
have promised Aamir so I won't disclose
much about the story. But I would like to
say that all of you please go and watch
this film as it is completely different. For
me it's the best film and best
performance of Aamir that I have ever
seen."
"His role in the film is completely
different. It is completely out-of-the box
film with a very strong message. It is a
must watch film. Without any doubt it is
his best performance.
Khan be able to stun fans with his ability
to do something different, again? Will the
filmmaker Rajkumar Hirani's much
anticipated film set the cash registers
ringing at the box office? Well, these are
the questions that popped up ever since
the first promo of the film was released.
After five years, we finally have Rajkumar
Hirani's masterpiece on silver screen
through PK and it needs to be mentioned
here that the director has taken
filmmaking to another level altogether. PK
has a depth, which formulates a message
that can also be debatable.
Stars- Aamir Khan, Anushka Sharma,
Saurabh Shukla, Sanjay Dutt, Sushant
Singh Rajput, Boman Irani
Director- Rajkumar Hirani
Music- Shantanu Moitra, Ajay-Atul, Ankit
Tiwari and Ram Sampath
It starts with Jaggu (Anushka Sharma) a
journalist student in Bruges, Belguim who
after completing her studies comes back
to her hometown in India. Here she meets
PK (Aamir Khan) who has his own weird
techniques to deal with things in society.
He is a never seen before any human
being and his style of dressing becomes a
humorous point of accentuation, his
manner of seeing the world is a matter of
concern. There are many such unanswered
questions by PK which initially become a
butt of jokes but on a major scenario it's
debatable.
This catches Jaggu's attention and she
along with PK goes on to find the answers
to these peculiar questions. Who is PK,
what is his puzzle and why Jaggu finds it
interesting? Find it all in this Rajkumar
Hirani directorial.
Now while its storyline is fascinating, PK
has ample surprises which unfold layer by
layer remarkably. But one thing, which
needs to be made clear is that PK is not a
out an out comedy-caper as its trailer and
songs have hinted towards yet carrying the
same thought-process while stepping into
the theatres won't disappoint you. While
there is a serious subject Rajkumar Hirani
is dealing with and his ways of presenting
the entire issue turns out to be humorous.
It all goes side by side or rather say there
is a parallel journey throughout. With
dialogues by Abhijaat Joshi and Rajkumar
Hirani himself the narration becomes more
gripping and entertaining particularly with
Aamir Khan's Bhojpuri dialect. We won't
reveal as to how the language is inserted
in the flick but we tell you it's an
interesting part to know.
While the narration in the movie is water-
tight, the performance of the actors seems
to be fantastic. There is no way, a movie
is fake and pale, when we have Boman
Irani who is hailed in all Hirani's films or
National Award winning Saurabh Shukla.
Saurabh is playing the role of a self-styled
Godman and the director never misses a
chance to take a dig and intentionally
mock such real-life characters spread
across the society.
Boman Irani's short appearance in the
movie is crucial but it provides an
essential link to the events happening
around. Sanjay Dutt's cameo is too
delightful.
Sushant Singh Rajput, is wrapped up in the
first half. We wish, Hirani could've used
more of him.
Anushka Sharma as a curious journalist is
great while her friendly chemistry with
Aamir Khan is amusing and captivating.
And do we need to mention that Aamir
Khan is the show-stealer? The actor
masterfully and magnificently delivers a
tough act in the flick. More than his words
it's his expressions, which add volume.
There is a big surprise around his
character, which is cleverly written and
wonderfully performed.
'PK' CELEBS REVIEW: HERE IS WHAT
CELEBS HAVE SAID ABOUT THE FILM.
Divya Dutta: Salutes raju hirani..u made
me smile, u made me laugh n u made me
cry n u got me thinking!!! #pk . Ur the
best!!!!!
Sachin Tendulkar: "The film is superb. I
have promised Aamir so I won't disclose
much about the story. But I would like to
say that all of you please go and watch
this film as it is completely different. For
me it's the best film and best
performance of Aamir that I have ever
seen."
"His role in the film is completely
different. It is completely out-of-the box
film with a very strong message. It is a
must watch film. Without any doubt it is
his best performance.
List Of Countries With Gold Holding
List of Countries With Gold Holding
United States
The United States of America holds more gold than any other country in
the world.
Gold holdings: 8,133.5 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 75.1%
Germany
Gold holdings: 3,391.3 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 72.1%
IMF
The IMF holds a relatively large amount of gold among its assets. The
IMF's total gold holdings are valued on its balance
sheet at about $4.9 billion on the basis of historical cost .
Gold holdings: 2,814.0 tonnes
Italy
Gold holdings: 2,451.8 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 71.3%
China
Gold holdings: 1,054.1 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 1.6%
Switzerland
Gold holdings: 1,040.1 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 10.0%
Russia
Gold holdings: 976.9 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 9.5%
Japan
Gold holdings: 765.2 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 3.1%
Netherlands
Gold holdings: 612.5 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 58.7%
India
Gold holdings: 557.7 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 9.6%
United States
The United States of America holds more gold than any other country in
the world.
Gold holdings: 8,133.5 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 75.1%
Germany
Gold holdings: 3,391.3 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 72.1%
IMF
The IMF holds a relatively large amount of gold among its assets. The
IMF's total gold holdings are valued on its balance
sheet at about $4.9 billion on the basis of historical cost .
Gold holdings: 2,814.0 tonnes
Italy
Gold holdings: 2,451.8 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 71.3%
China
Gold holdings: 1,054.1 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 1.6%
Switzerland
Gold holdings: 1,040.1 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 10.0%
Russia
Gold holdings: 976.9 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 9.5%
Japan
Gold holdings: 765.2 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 3.1%
Netherlands
Gold holdings: 612.5 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 58.7%
India
Gold holdings: 557.7 tonnes
Percentage of total foreign reserves: 9.6%
Important Amendments To The Constitution
The first Amendment Act to the Indian Constitution was made in the year
1951
According to it, Articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 376 were
amended and Articles 31A and 3IB inserted and Ninth Schedule was added.
The Constitution (24th Amendment) Act, 1971: It affirmed the power of
the Parliament to amend any part of the Constitution. After this
amendment, the
President is bound to assent to Constitution Amendment Bill. Education
was transferred to the Concurrent List by this amendment.
The Constitution (31st Amendment) Act, 1973: increased the elective
strength of the Lok Sabha from 525 to 545. Under the Act, the upper
limit of
representatives of the States goes up from 500 to 525 and that of the
Union Territories decreases from 25 to 20.
The Constitution (36th Amendment) Act, 1975: By this Act, Sikkim became
the 22nd State of the Indian Union.
The Constitution (37th Amendment) Act, 1975: was passed by Parliament
on April 26, 1975, to provide for a Legislative Assembly and a Council
of Ministers to
Arunachal Pradesh, the country's north-easternmost Union Territory.
The Constitution (39th Amendment) Act, 1975: The Bill was passed by the
Lok Sabha on August 7 and received Presidential assent on August
9,1975. The Act
places beyond challenge in courts the election to Parliament of a
person holding the office of Prime Minister or Speaker and the election
of President and
Vice-President.
The Constitution (40th Amendment) Act, 1976: This Amendment has a
three-fold objective: (1) It places beyond challenge in courts some
major Central laws;
(2) It gives similar protection to several State enactments, mostly
relating to land legislation, by including them in the Ninth Schedule
of the Constitution; and
(3) It provides that the limits of the territorial waters, the
Continental Shelf, the Exclusive Economic Zone and the maritime zones
of India shall be specified
from time to time by law made by Parliament.
The Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976: It was enacted during the
period of internal emergency. It was passed by Parliament on November
11, 1976
and received Presidential assent on December 18, 1976.
The Amendment established beyond doubt the supremacy of Parliament over
the other wings of Government; gave the Directive Principles precedence
over
the Fundamental Rights; enumerated for the first time a set of ten
Fundamental Duties. It further imposed limits on the power and
jurisdiction of the judiciary;
raised the term of the Lok Sabha and the Vidhan Sabha from five to six
years; authorised the use of Central armed forces in any State to deal
with law and
order problems, made the President bound by the advice of the Council
of Ministers and envisaged the establishment of administrative
tribunals for service
matters of Government employees and also other tribunals for economic
offences. The Act also clearly laid down that no Constitutional
Amendment could be
questioned in any court of law.
The Constitution (43rd Amendment) Act, 1978: It received the
Presidential assent on April 13, 1978. This Act repeals the obnoxious
provisions of the
Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act passed during the Emergency. It
restores civil liberties by deleting Article 3ID which gave powers to
Parliament to curtail
even legitimate trade union activity under the guise of legislation for
the prevention of anti-national activities. The new law, which was
ratified by more than
half of the States in accordance with the Constitution, also restores
legislative powers to the States to make appropriate provision for
anti-national activities
consistent with the Fundamental Rights. Under the Act, the judiciary
has also been restored to its rightful place. The Supreme Court will
now have power to
invalidate State laws, a power taken away by the 42nd Amendment Act.
The High Courts will also be able to go into the question of
constitutional validity of
Central laws thereby enabling persons living in distant places to
obtain speedy justice without having to come to the Supreme Court.
The Constitution (44th Amendment) Act, 1978: The Constitution (45 th
Amendment) Bill, re-numbered as the 44th Amendment came into force on
April 30,
1979, when the President gave his assent. The Act removes major
distortions in the Constitution introduced during the Emergency. The
duration of the Lok
Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies has been reduced from six to
five years—the normal term which was extended during the Emergencyunder
the 42nd
Amendment to achieve some political purposes. The Right to Property
ceases to be a Fundamental Right and becomes only a legal right
according to the
Constitution 44th Amendment. The Act also extends, for the first time
since independence, constitutional protection for publication of the
proceedings of
Parliament and State Legislatures, except in cases where it is proved
to be "malicious". Another important feature of the Act is that any
proclamation of
Emergency need henceforward, be issued by the President only after
receiving the advice of the Cabinet as a whole in writing. The
President will not be called
upon to act on the basis of advice by the Prime Minister on his own
without consulting his Cabinet. Other safeguards provide that the
proclamation will have
to be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the members of both Houses of
Parliament within a month. The 44th Amendment provides safeguards
against future
subversion of the Constitution for establishing an authoritarian
regime. It contains provisions which are designed to make it impossible
to impose the kind of
emergency the country had experienced for 19 months.
The Constitution (45th Amendment) Act, 1980: The Act extends
reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
in Parliament and the
State Assemblies and the representation of Anglo-Indians by nomination
for a further period of 10 years.
The Constitution (46th Amendment) Bill, 1982: It seeks to authorise the
government to prepare an authoritative text of the Constitution, in
Hindi.
The Constitution (52nd Amendment) Act, 1985: The Act has made defection
to another party, after elections illegal. Any member defecting to
another party
after elections will be disqualified from being member of Parliament or
State Legislature.
The Constitution (53rd Amendment) Act, 1986: It confers Statehood on
Mizoram and ensures against unnecessary interference by the Central
Government
with the laws relating to spheres of social relationship and community
conduct applicable to Mizoram.
The Constitution (54th Amendment) Act, 1986: It enhances the salaries
of Judges of High Courts and Supreme Court of India. The salary of
Chief Justice of
India will be Rs 10,000; Chief Justice of High Courts Rs 9000; Judges
of Supreme Court Rs 9000; and Judges of High Courts Rs 8000.
The Constitution (55th Amendment) Act, 1987: It grants Statehood to
Arunachal Pradesh which consequently became the 24th State of the
Indian Union.
The Constitution (56th Amendment) Act, 1987: It confers Statehood on
Goa and forms a new Union Territory of Daman and Diu. Goa thus became
the 25th
State of the Indian Republic.
The Constitution (57th Amendment) Act, 1987: It made a special
provision for the setting up of the new State of Goa. Consequently
Daman and Diu were
separated from the former to form a Union Territory.
The Constitution (58th Amendment) Act, 1988: It provides for special
arrangements with regard to reservation of seats for Scheduled Tribes
in the States of
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya. By amending Article
322 the adjustment of seats has been frozen until 2000 A.D.
The Constitution (59th Amendment) Act, 1988: It empowered the Central
Government to impose Emergency in Punjab when deemed necessary. Under
the
amendment, President's rule can be extended upto three years. Earlier
maximum period was two years.
The Constitution (61st Amendment) Act, 1989: It lowered the voting age
from 21 to 18.
The Constitution (62nd Amendment) Act, 1989: It provided for the
extension by another 10 years of reservation of seats in the Parliament
and State
Assemblies for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes and reservation for
Anglo Indian community by nomination.
The Constitution (63rd Amendment) Act, 1989: It repealed Amendment 59
which empowered the government to impose emergency in Punjab.
The Constitution (64th Amendment) Act, 1990: It extended the
President's rule in Punjab by six months.
The Constitution (66th Amendment) Act, 1990: To bring land reforms
within the purview of 9th Schedule of the Constitution.
The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991: Delhi made National
Capital Region. The Act also made provision for Legislative assembly
and a council of
ministers for Delhi.
The Constitution (70th Amendment) Act, 1992: Before this act was made
Article 54 relating to the election of the President provided for an
electoral college
consisting only of the elected members of Parliament as well as the
legislative assemblies of the States (not of Union Territories). The
amendment provide
for inclusion of members of legislature of Pondicherry and Delhi.
The Constitution (71st Amendment) Act, 1992: The act amends the 8th
Schedule to the Constitution to include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali
Languages in the
8th Schedule of the Constitution.
The Constitution (72nd Amendment) Act, 1992: To make temporary
provision for the determination of the number of seats reserved for the
Scheduled Tribes
in the State assembly of Tripura, until the re-adjustment of seats is
made on the basis of the first census after the year 2000 under article
170 of the
Constitution.
The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992: To ensure direct election
to all seats in Panchayats; to reserve seats for SCs and STs in
proportion to their
population; and for reservation of not less than one third of the seats
in Panchayats for women.
The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992: was made to ensure direct
election to all seats in Nagarpalikas and Municipalities.
The Constitution (75th Amendment) Act 1994: It provides for setting up
of State-level Rent Tribunals to exclude the jurisdiction of all
courts, except that of
the Supreme Court, under Article 136 of the Constitution.
The Constitution (76th Amendment) Act, 1994: It relates to the
Reservation of Seats in Educational Institutes and of appointments or
posts in the Services
under a State, for Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes. The Supreme Court had ruled on November 16, 1992, that the
total reservations
under Article 16(40) of the Constitution should not exceed 50 per cent.
The Constitution (77th Amendment) Act, 1995: According to this Act, the
Government have decided to continue the existing policy of reservation
in promotion
for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
The Constitution (78th Amendment) Act, 1995: It includes land reform
laws in the Ninth Schedule so that they cannot be challenged before the
courts.
The Constitution (79th Amendment) Act, 1999: It extends the reservation
of seats for SC, ST and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and Legislative
Assemblies
for next 10 years.
The Constitution (80th Amendment) Act, 2000: It deals with an
alternative scheme for sharing taxes between the Union and the States.
The Constitution (81st Amendment) Act, 2000: It provides that the
unfilled vacancies of a year reserved for SC/ST kept for being filled
up in a year as per
Article 16, shall be considered separately for filling vacancies in the
succeeding year and the previous list will not be considered for
filling the 50% quota of the
respective year.
The Constitution (82nd Amendment) Act, 2000: It provides that nothing
in the Article 355 shall prevent the State from making any provisions
in favour of the
members of SC/ST for relaxation in qualifying marks with respect to
examination/job/promotion.
The Constitution (83rd Amendment) Act, 2000: The Act amended Article
243 M to provide that no reservation in Panchayats be made in favour of
SC/ST in
Arunachal Pradesh where the whole population is tribal.
1951
According to it, Articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 376 were
amended and Articles 31A and 3IB inserted and Ninth Schedule was added.
The Constitution (24th Amendment) Act, 1971: It affirmed the power of
the Parliament to amend any part of the Constitution. After this
amendment, the
President is bound to assent to Constitution Amendment Bill. Education
was transferred to the Concurrent List by this amendment.
The Constitution (31st Amendment) Act, 1973: increased the elective
strength of the Lok Sabha from 525 to 545. Under the Act, the upper
limit of
representatives of the States goes up from 500 to 525 and that of the
Union Territories decreases from 25 to 20.
The Constitution (36th Amendment) Act, 1975: By this Act, Sikkim became
the 22nd State of the Indian Union.
The Constitution (37th Amendment) Act, 1975: was passed by Parliament
on April 26, 1975, to provide for a Legislative Assembly and a Council
of Ministers to
Arunachal Pradesh, the country's north-easternmost Union Territory.
The Constitution (39th Amendment) Act, 1975: The Bill was passed by the
Lok Sabha on August 7 and received Presidential assent on August
9,1975. The Act
places beyond challenge in courts the election to Parliament of a
person holding the office of Prime Minister or Speaker and the election
of President and
Vice-President.
The Constitution (40th Amendment) Act, 1976: This Amendment has a
three-fold objective: (1) It places beyond challenge in courts some
major Central laws;
(2) It gives similar protection to several State enactments, mostly
relating to land legislation, by including them in the Ninth Schedule
of the Constitution; and
(3) It provides that the limits of the territorial waters, the
Continental Shelf, the Exclusive Economic Zone and the maritime zones
of India shall be specified
from time to time by law made by Parliament.
The Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976: It was enacted during the
period of internal emergency. It was passed by Parliament on November
11, 1976
and received Presidential assent on December 18, 1976.
The Amendment established beyond doubt the supremacy of Parliament over
the other wings of Government; gave the Directive Principles precedence
over
the Fundamental Rights; enumerated for the first time a set of ten
Fundamental Duties. It further imposed limits on the power and
jurisdiction of the judiciary;
raised the term of the Lok Sabha and the Vidhan Sabha from five to six
years; authorised the use of Central armed forces in any State to deal
with law and
order problems, made the President bound by the advice of the Council
of Ministers and envisaged the establishment of administrative
tribunals for service
matters of Government employees and also other tribunals for economic
offences. The Act also clearly laid down that no Constitutional
Amendment could be
questioned in any court of law.
The Constitution (43rd Amendment) Act, 1978: It received the
Presidential assent on April 13, 1978. This Act repeals the obnoxious
provisions of the
Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act passed during the Emergency. It
restores civil liberties by deleting Article 3ID which gave powers to
Parliament to curtail
even legitimate trade union activity under the guise of legislation for
the prevention of anti-national activities. The new law, which was
ratified by more than
half of the States in accordance with the Constitution, also restores
legislative powers to the States to make appropriate provision for
anti-national activities
consistent with the Fundamental Rights. Under the Act, the judiciary
has also been restored to its rightful place. The Supreme Court will
now have power to
invalidate State laws, a power taken away by the 42nd Amendment Act.
The High Courts will also be able to go into the question of
constitutional validity of
Central laws thereby enabling persons living in distant places to
obtain speedy justice without having to come to the Supreme Court.
The Constitution (44th Amendment) Act, 1978: The Constitution (45 th
Amendment) Bill, re-numbered as the 44th Amendment came into force on
April 30,
1979, when the President gave his assent. The Act removes major
distortions in the Constitution introduced during the Emergency. The
duration of the Lok
Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies has been reduced from six to
five years—the normal term which was extended during the Emergencyunder
the 42nd
Amendment to achieve some political purposes. The Right to Property
ceases to be a Fundamental Right and becomes only a legal right
according to the
Constitution 44th Amendment. The Act also extends, for the first time
since independence, constitutional protection for publication of the
proceedings of
Parliament and State Legislatures, except in cases where it is proved
to be "malicious". Another important feature of the Act is that any
proclamation of
Emergency need henceforward, be issued by the President only after
receiving the advice of the Cabinet as a whole in writing. The
President will not be called
upon to act on the basis of advice by the Prime Minister on his own
without consulting his Cabinet. Other safeguards provide that the
proclamation will have
to be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the members of both Houses of
Parliament within a month. The 44th Amendment provides safeguards
against future
subversion of the Constitution for establishing an authoritarian
regime. It contains provisions which are designed to make it impossible
to impose the kind of
emergency the country had experienced for 19 months.
The Constitution (45th Amendment) Act, 1980: The Act extends
reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes
in Parliament and the
State Assemblies and the representation of Anglo-Indians by nomination
for a further period of 10 years.
The Constitution (46th Amendment) Bill, 1982: It seeks to authorise the
government to prepare an authoritative text of the Constitution, in
Hindi.
The Constitution (52nd Amendment) Act, 1985: The Act has made defection
to another party, after elections illegal. Any member defecting to
another party
after elections will be disqualified from being member of Parliament or
State Legislature.
The Constitution (53rd Amendment) Act, 1986: It confers Statehood on
Mizoram and ensures against unnecessary interference by the Central
Government
with the laws relating to spheres of social relationship and community
conduct applicable to Mizoram.
The Constitution (54th Amendment) Act, 1986: It enhances the salaries
of Judges of High Courts and Supreme Court of India. The salary of
Chief Justice of
India will be Rs 10,000; Chief Justice of High Courts Rs 9000; Judges
of Supreme Court Rs 9000; and Judges of High Courts Rs 8000.
The Constitution (55th Amendment) Act, 1987: It grants Statehood to
Arunachal Pradesh which consequently became the 24th State of the
Indian Union.
The Constitution (56th Amendment) Act, 1987: It confers Statehood on
Goa and forms a new Union Territory of Daman and Diu. Goa thus became
the 25th
State of the Indian Republic.
The Constitution (57th Amendment) Act, 1987: It made a special
provision for the setting up of the new State of Goa. Consequently
Daman and Diu were
separated from the former to form a Union Territory.
The Constitution (58th Amendment) Act, 1988: It provides for special
arrangements with regard to reservation of seats for Scheduled Tribes
in the States of
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya. By amending Article
322 the adjustment of seats has been frozen until 2000 A.D.
The Constitution (59th Amendment) Act, 1988: It empowered the Central
Government to impose Emergency in Punjab when deemed necessary. Under
the
amendment, President's rule can be extended upto three years. Earlier
maximum period was two years.
The Constitution (61st Amendment) Act, 1989: It lowered the voting age
from 21 to 18.
The Constitution (62nd Amendment) Act, 1989: It provided for the
extension by another 10 years of reservation of seats in the Parliament
and State
Assemblies for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes and reservation for
Anglo Indian community by nomination.
The Constitution (63rd Amendment) Act, 1989: It repealed Amendment 59
which empowered the government to impose emergency in Punjab.
The Constitution (64th Amendment) Act, 1990: It extended the
President's rule in Punjab by six months.
The Constitution (66th Amendment) Act, 1990: To bring land reforms
within the purview of 9th Schedule of the Constitution.
The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991: Delhi made National
Capital Region. The Act also made provision for Legislative assembly
and a council of
ministers for Delhi.
The Constitution (70th Amendment) Act, 1992: Before this act was made
Article 54 relating to the election of the President provided for an
electoral college
consisting only of the elected members of Parliament as well as the
legislative assemblies of the States (not of Union Territories). The
amendment provide
for inclusion of members of legislature of Pondicherry and Delhi.
The Constitution (71st Amendment) Act, 1992: The act amends the 8th
Schedule to the Constitution to include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali
Languages in the
8th Schedule of the Constitution.
The Constitution (72nd Amendment) Act, 1992: To make temporary
provision for the determination of the number of seats reserved for the
Scheduled Tribes
in the State assembly of Tripura, until the re-adjustment of seats is
made on the basis of the first census after the year 2000 under article
170 of the
Constitution.
The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992: To ensure direct election
to all seats in Panchayats; to reserve seats for SCs and STs in
proportion to their
population; and for reservation of not less than one third of the seats
in Panchayats for women.
The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992: was made to ensure direct
election to all seats in Nagarpalikas and Municipalities.
The Constitution (75th Amendment) Act 1994: It provides for setting up
of State-level Rent Tribunals to exclude the jurisdiction of all
courts, except that of
the Supreme Court, under Article 136 of the Constitution.
The Constitution (76th Amendment) Act, 1994: It relates to the
Reservation of Seats in Educational Institutes and of appointments or
posts in the Services
under a State, for Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes. The Supreme Court had ruled on November 16, 1992, that the
total reservations
under Article 16(40) of the Constitution should not exceed 50 per cent.
The Constitution (77th Amendment) Act, 1995: According to this Act, the
Government have decided to continue the existing policy of reservation
in promotion
for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
The Constitution (78th Amendment) Act, 1995: It includes land reform
laws in the Ninth Schedule so that they cannot be challenged before the
courts.
The Constitution (79th Amendment) Act, 1999: It extends the reservation
of seats for SC, ST and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and Legislative
Assemblies
for next 10 years.
The Constitution (80th Amendment) Act, 2000: It deals with an
alternative scheme for sharing taxes between the Union and the States.
The Constitution (81st Amendment) Act, 2000: It provides that the
unfilled vacancies of a year reserved for SC/ST kept for being filled
up in a year as per
Article 16, shall be considered separately for filling vacancies in the
succeeding year and the previous list will not be considered for
filling the 50% quota of the
respective year.
The Constitution (82nd Amendment) Act, 2000: It provides that nothing
in the Article 355 shall prevent the State from making any provisions
in favour of the
members of SC/ST for relaxation in qualifying marks with respect to
examination/job/promotion.
The Constitution (83rd Amendment) Act, 2000: The Act amended Article
243 M to provide that no reservation in Panchayats be made in favour of
SC/ST in
Arunachal Pradesh where the whole population is tribal.
World Trade Organization (WTO)
What is the WTO?
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international
organization that deals with the set of laws of trade between nations.
It holds the WTO
agreements that are negotiated & signed by the bulk of trading nations
of the world & ratified in their parliaments. The aim is to facilitate
producers of goods
& services, importers and exporters to carry out their business.
Who we are?
It is an association for trade opening. It is a medium for governments
to discuss trade agreements. It is a podium for them to resolve trade
disputes.
It functions a system of trade rules. Fundamentally, the World Trade
Organization is a place where member governments attempt to sort out
the trade
problems they face with each other.
What we do?
World Trade Organization is run by its member governments. All main
decisions are made by the membership as a whole, by ministers or by
their delegates or
ambassadors.
What we stand for?
The agreements of World Trade Organization are complex and lengthy
because they are legal texts that cover an extensive range of
activities. But a number
of easy, essential principles run throughout all of these documents.
These principles are the basis of multilateral trading system.
Source: http://www.wto.org/
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international
organization that deals with the set of laws of trade between nations.
It holds the WTO
agreements that are negotiated & signed by the bulk of trading nations
of the world & ratified in their parliaments. The aim is to facilitate
producers of goods
& services, importers and exporters to carry out their business.
Who we are?
It is an association for trade opening. It is a medium for governments
to discuss trade agreements. It is a podium for them to resolve trade
disputes.
It functions a system of trade rules. Fundamentally, the World Trade
Organization is a place where member governments attempt to sort out
the trade
problems they face with each other.
What we do?
World Trade Organization is run by its member governments. All main
decisions are made by the membership as a whole, by ministers or by
their delegates or
ambassadors.
What we stand for?
The agreements of World Trade Organization are complex and lengthy
because they are legal texts that cover an extensive range of
activities. But a number
of easy, essential principles run throughout all of these documents.
These principles are the basis of multilateral trading system.
Source: http://www.wto.org/
Asian Development Bank, ADB
History
Asian Development Bank was envisioned in the course
of the post war rehabilitation & reconstruction efforts
of early 1960s. The vision was of a financial institution
that would be Asian in character & promote economic
growth & cooperation in the area - then one of the
poorest in the world.
A resolution was passed at the 1st Ministerial
Conference on Asian Economic Cooperation held by
United Nations Economic Commission for Asia & the
Far East in the year 1963 that set that vision on the
way to becoming reality.
Overview
Since its origin in 1966, Asian Development Bank has
been driven by a dedication and inspiration to
improving lives of people in Asia & the Pacific. By
targeting our investments shrewdly, in joint venture
with our developing member countries & stakeholders,
we can assuage poverty & help create a world in which
everybody can share in the benefits of inclusive and
sustained growth.
The main devices for assistance are:
Loans
Policy dialogue
Grants
Equity investments
Technical assistance
Into the 21st century
A new focus has been laid by ADB on helping its
developing members accomplish the Millennium
Development Goals & making development more
successful. In the year 2003, a severe acute respiratory
syndrome epidemic hit the region, making it apparent
that fighting contagious diseases requires regional
cooperation. Asian Development Bank began providing
support at regional and national levels to assist
countries so that they could more efficiently respond to
avian influenza & the growing threat of AIDS/HIV.
Asian Development Bank also had to respond to
unparalleled natural disasters, entrusting more than
$850 million for revival in areas of Indonesia, India, Sri
Lanka and Maldives hit by the Dec 2004 Asian
Tsunami. Additionally, a $1 billion line of support to
help victims of the Oct 2005 earthquake in Pakistan
was set up.
In the year 2008, the Board of Directors of Asian
Development Bank approved Strategy 2020: The Long -
Term Strategic Framework of Asian Development Bank
2008 - 2020, a policy document steering its operations
to the year 2020.
In the year 2009, the Board of Governors of Asian
Development Bank agreed to triple the capital base of
Asian Development Bank from $ 55 billion to $ 165
billion, giving it much wanted resources to react to the
global economic crisis. The increase of 200% is the
largest in history of Asian Development Bank, and the
1st since the 1994 100 % capital increase.
Asian Development Bank was envisioned in the course
of the post war rehabilitation & reconstruction efforts
of early 1960s. The vision was of a financial institution
that would be Asian in character & promote economic
growth & cooperation in the area - then one of the
poorest in the world.
A resolution was passed at the 1st Ministerial
Conference on Asian Economic Cooperation held by
United Nations Economic Commission for Asia & the
Far East in the year 1963 that set that vision on the
way to becoming reality.
Overview
Since its origin in 1966, Asian Development Bank has
been driven by a dedication and inspiration to
improving lives of people in Asia & the Pacific. By
targeting our investments shrewdly, in joint venture
with our developing member countries & stakeholders,
we can assuage poverty & help create a world in which
everybody can share in the benefits of inclusive and
sustained growth.
The main devices for assistance are:
Loans
Policy dialogue
Grants
Equity investments
Technical assistance
Into the 21st century
A new focus has been laid by ADB on helping its
developing members accomplish the Millennium
Development Goals & making development more
successful. In the year 2003, a severe acute respiratory
syndrome epidemic hit the region, making it apparent
that fighting contagious diseases requires regional
cooperation. Asian Development Bank began providing
support at regional and national levels to assist
countries so that they could more efficiently respond to
avian influenza & the growing threat of AIDS/HIV.
Asian Development Bank also had to respond to
unparalleled natural disasters, entrusting more than
$850 million for revival in areas of Indonesia, India, Sri
Lanka and Maldives hit by the Dec 2004 Asian
Tsunami. Additionally, a $1 billion line of support to
help victims of the Oct 2005 earthquake in Pakistan
was set up.
In the year 2008, the Board of Directors of Asian
Development Bank approved Strategy 2020: The Long -
Term Strategic Framework of Asian Development Bank
2008 - 2020, a policy document steering its operations
to the year 2020.
In the year 2009, the Board of Governors of Asian
Development Bank agreed to triple the capital base of
Asian Development Bank from $ 55 billion to $ 165
billion, giving it much wanted resources to react to the
global economic crisis. The increase of 200% is the
largest in history of Asian Development Bank, and the
1st since the 1994 100 % capital increase.
Holidays of 2015
Indian Holidays of year 2015 india
If you thought 2014 had a bunch of long weekends,
wait for 2015 to roll in. The year is packed with
three- and four-day weekends and, if you take a
couple of days off, a bumper nine-day Diwali break.
Call in sick strategically and you have a whopping
58 days of travel
January--Slot1
1 January, Thursday: New Year's Day
2 January, Friday — Skip work; they will understand.
3 January, Saturday
4 January, Sunday
January--Slot2
23 January, Friday — Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Jayanti (Kolkata)
24 January, Saturday
25 January, Sunday
26 January, Monday — Republic Day
February---
14 February, Saturday
15 February, Sunday
16 February, Monday — Skip work, because
Valentine's Day long weekend!
17 February, Tuesday — Maha Shivratri
March---
6 March, Friday — Holi
7 March, Saturday
8 March, Sunday
April--Slot1
3 April, Friday — Good Friday
4 April, Saturday
5 April, Sunday
April--Slot2
11 April, Saturday
12 April, Sunday
13 April, Monday — Take leave
14 April, Tuesday— Ambedkar Jayanti, Tamil New
Year.
May--
1 May, Friday — Labour Day; Maharashtra Day
2 May, Saturday
3 May, Sunday
4 May, Monday — Buddha Purnima
August--
15 August, Saturday
16 August, Sunday
17 August, Monday — Skip work; you haven't had a
break since May!
18 August, Tuesday — Parsi New Year
September--Slot1
17 September, Thursday — Ganesh Chaturthi
18 September, Friday — Skip work
19 September, Saturday
20 September, Sunday
September--Slot2
24 September, Thursday — Bakri Id
25 September, Friday — Skip work
26 September, Saturday
27 September, Sunday
October--Slot1
2 October, Friday — Gandhi Jayanti
3 October, Saturday
4 October, Sunday
October--Slot2
22 October, Thursday—Dussehra
23 October, Friday — Take leave
24 October, Saturday
25 October, Sunday
November--
7 November, Saturday
8 November, Sunday
9 November, Monday — Dhanteras
10 November, Tuesday — Naraka Chaturdashi or
take leave
11 November, Wednesday—Diwali (Lakshmi Puja)
12 November, Thursday—Diwali (Balipratipada) or
take leave
13 November, Friday—Diwali (Bhaidooj)
14 November, Saturday
15 November, Sunday
December--
24 December, Thursday — Eid-e-Milad
25 December, Friday — Christmas
26 December, Saturday
27 December, Sunday
If you thought 2014 had a bunch of long weekends,
wait for 2015 to roll in. The year is packed with
three- and four-day weekends and, if you take a
couple of days off, a bumper nine-day Diwali break.
Call in sick strategically and you have a whopping
58 days of travel
January--Slot1
1 January, Thursday: New Year's Day
2 January, Friday — Skip work; they will understand.
3 January, Saturday
4 January, Sunday
January--Slot2
23 January, Friday — Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Jayanti (Kolkata)
24 January, Saturday
25 January, Sunday
26 January, Monday — Republic Day
February---
14 February, Saturday
15 February, Sunday
16 February, Monday — Skip work, because
Valentine's Day long weekend!
17 February, Tuesday — Maha Shivratri
March---
6 March, Friday — Holi
7 March, Saturday
8 March, Sunday
April--Slot1
3 April, Friday — Good Friday
4 April, Saturday
5 April, Sunday
April--Slot2
11 April, Saturday
12 April, Sunday
13 April, Monday — Take leave
14 April, Tuesday— Ambedkar Jayanti, Tamil New
Year.
May--
1 May, Friday — Labour Day; Maharashtra Day
2 May, Saturday
3 May, Sunday
4 May, Monday — Buddha Purnima
August--
15 August, Saturday
16 August, Sunday
17 August, Monday — Skip work; you haven't had a
break since May!
18 August, Tuesday — Parsi New Year
September--Slot1
17 September, Thursday — Ganesh Chaturthi
18 September, Friday — Skip work
19 September, Saturday
20 September, Sunday
September--Slot2
24 September, Thursday — Bakri Id
25 September, Friday — Skip work
26 September, Saturday
27 September, Sunday
October--Slot1
2 October, Friday — Gandhi Jayanti
3 October, Saturday
4 October, Sunday
October--Slot2
22 October, Thursday—Dussehra
23 October, Friday — Take leave
24 October, Saturday
25 October, Sunday
November--
7 November, Saturday
8 November, Sunday
9 November, Monday — Dhanteras
10 November, Tuesday — Naraka Chaturdashi or
take leave
11 November, Wednesday—Diwali (Lakshmi Puja)
12 November, Thursday—Diwali (Balipratipada) or
take leave
13 November, Friday—Diwali (Bhaidooj)
14 November, Saturday
15 November, Sunday
December--
24 December, Thursday — Eid-e-Milad
25 December, Friday — Christmas
26 December, Saturday
27 December, Sunday
PRESENT GOVERNORS OF INDIAN STATES
[1] Andhra Pradesh - E. S. L. Narasimhan
[2] Arunachal Pradesh – Nirbhay Sharma
[3] Assam – Janaki Ballabh Patnaik
[4] Bihar - D. Y. Patil
[5] Chhattisgarh - Balramji Das Tandon
[6] Goa – Mridula Sinha
[7] Gujarat - Om Prakash Kohli
[8] Haryana - Kaptan Singh Solanki
[9] Himachal Pradesh - Urmila Singh
[10] Jammu and Kashmir – Narinder Nath Vohra
[11] Jharkhand - Syed Ahmed
[12] Karnataka - Vajubhai Rudabhai Vala
[13] Kerala - P Sathasivam
[14] Madhya Pradesh - Ram Naresh Yadav
[15] Maharashtra - Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao
[16] Manipur - KK Paul
[17] Meghalaya - Krishan Kant Paul
[18] Mizoram - Krishan Kant Paul
[19] Nagaland –Padmanabha Acharya
[20] Odisha - S. C. Jamir
[21] Punjab – Shivraj Patil
[22] Rajasthan – Sh. Kalyan Singh
[23] Sikkim – Shriniwas Dadasaheb Patil
[24] Tamil Nadu - K. Rosaiah
[25] Telangana - E. S. L. Narasimhan
[26] Tripura - Padmanabha Acharya
[27] Uttar Pradesh - Ram Naik
[28] Uttarakhand - Aziz Qureshi
[29] West Bengal- Keshari Nath Tripathi.
[2] Arunachal Pradesh – Nirbhay Sharma
[3] Assam – Janaki Ballabh Patnaik
[4] Bihar - D. Y. Patil
[5] Chhattisgarh - Balramji Das Tandon
[6] Goa – Mridula Sinha
[7] Gujarat - Om Prakash Kohli
[8] Haryana - Kaptan Singh Solanki
[9] Himachal Pradesh - Urmila Singh
[10] Jammu and Kashmir – Narinder Nath Vohra
[11] Jharkhand - Syed Ahmed
[12] Karnataka - Vajubhai Rudabhai Vala
[13] Kerala - P Sathasivam
[14] Madhya Pradesh - Ram Naresh Yadav
[15] Maharashtra - Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao
[16] Manipur - KK Paul
[17] Meghalaya - Krishan Kant Paul
[18] Mizoram - Krishan Kant Paul
[19] Nagaland –Padmanabha Acharya
[20] Odisha - S. C. Jamir
[21] Punjab – Shivraj Patil
[22] Rajasthan – Sh. Kalyan Singh
[23] Sikkim – Shriniwas Dadasaheb Patil
[24] Tamil Nadu - K. Rosaiah
[25] Telangana - E. S. L. Narasimhan
[26] Tripura - Padmanabha Acharya
[27] Uttar Pradesh - Ram Naik
[28] Uttarakhand - Aziz Qureshi
[29] West Bengal- Keshari Nath Tripathi.
Review: New Mahindra Scorpio
If we had one major problem with the current (now, older) version of
the Mahindra Scorpio, it was the way it handled bumps at speed. It made
us feel like we were taking a ride on a trampoline when we hit a bump
on the highway. One might argue that the car was supposed to be more of
a bad-road specialist, and not a speed demon. So, do things change with
the all-new Scorpio? The Scorpio you see here is the new, third
generation of Mahindra's popular SUV. It's built on an all-new platform
that is made up of stronger composite materials, which, as we're told,
makes the Scorpio a safer place to be in, thanks to the newly-
incorporated crumple zones. This new chassis will also form the basis
for Mahindra's upcoming vehicles. Mahindra tells us that the new
platform can easily be altered to make a sub-four metre car (Quanto
replacement, anyone?), without compromising on structural integrity.
Everything in and about the Scorpio is all-new. The lads at the Nashik
factory informed us that the only bits that have been carried over from
the older SUV are the doors. There's tons of 'Scorpio' badging all over
the SUV. Outside, the Scorpio appears to have borrowed some cues from
its bigger cousin, the XUV500 – like the grille that looks like it's
been scratched by a big cat, a very XUV-like front bumper, the bigger,
bolder wheel arches and the snazzy tail-lamps. The face sports a very
European look, while the sides look more or less the same. The rear,
too, flashes off a new, two-tone appliqué, which has a very aftermarket
look to it.
The new Scorpio is offered with 2WD and 4WD – with an on-the- fly-shift
low-ratio case on the latter – and in six different variants - S2, S4,
S6, S6+, S8 and S10. The top-of-the-line S10 variant we're driving here
comes loaded with all the goodies from Mahindra's bag of treats – like
LED eyebrows on the dual projector lamps, a bonnet scoop and some
chrome bits splashed up front, start-stop tech, ABS, tyre pressure
sensors, etc. Inside the S10, you get stuff like dual front airbags, a
simple touch- controlled six-inch infotainment system with navigation,
climate control with rear AC vents, dual- tone seats and silver and
chrome inserts. The new Scorpio is ergonomically quite sound with all
the operational equipment well in reach. The new, blue-lit,
part-digital-part-analogue display looks very nice and provides speed,
odo, fuel level, engine temperature, trip and gear indication readouts.
But there are a couple of flaws in the new Scorpio. Once the driver's
side door is closed, it's nearly impossible to slide your hand down and
operate the seat-height adjuster. Also, the quality of the tiny door
locks is questionable, because they feel like they'll break if you
don't use them gently. The New Scorpio borrows the five-speed gearbox
from the recently-updated Xylo, with minor changes to the final drive
ratio. The steering wheel has been lifted from the XUV500, along with
some interior bits like the chrome-lined AC vents. Overall, fit and
finish inside the new SUV is definitely a step-up from the versions
that came before it, making the cabin a nice place to be in. It's as
airy as it used to be, but this one's livelier, thanks to the lighter
shade of plastic present inside. We didn't get a chance to drive the
4WD version, so we chose to stick to the road in this 2WD variant. The
double-wishbone suspension setup is completely new, with Independent
coil springs at the front, and a multi-link coil spring employed at the
back. Ride quality remains more or less the same at low speed, with the
suspension soaking up bumps well. At high speeds, the SUV now feels a
little more stable than before, with less pitching under heavy braking.
The big difference with the new Scorpio is the inclusion of an
anti-roll bar with bump steps at the rear, which makes cornering hard a
little more comfortable. The new alloy wheels are an inch larger than
the previous car's 16- inchers, which helps over rough patches. It's
not the first time we've seen the 2,179cc turbo- diesel do duty in a
Mahindra vehicle, and the 120bhp, 280Nm four-pot does a good job of
moving the new Scorpio. The base S2 variant gets 15-inch wheels and the
2.5l m2DICR common rail diesel engine under the hood, which is good for
75bhp and 200Nm. The height and wheelbase of the new Scorpio are
exactly the same as that of the outgoing model, but this new one's
marginally longer and wider. Even with the new chassis, the gross
weight of the 2WD and 4WD Scorpios remains unchanged at 2,510 and
2,610kg respectively. However, Mahindra says that the fuel efficiency
of the new SUV has gone up by nearly one kilometre per litre, from the
previously-claimed 14.7kpl. For those of us who had gotten used to the
design of the Scorpio, the new car looks like an ode to the current car
but with a bit more flash to it. It's undergone a modernisation change
and feels more confident thanks to the new chassis. The steering feels
nicer and the ride has improved. Though it doesn't feel like a
generation change, it is a step-up from the current Scorpio.
the Mahindra Scorpio, it was the way it handled bumps at speed. It made
us feel like we were taking a ride on a trampoline when we hit a bump
on the highway. One might argue that the car was supposed to be more of
a bad-road specialist, and not a speed demon. So, do things change with
the all-new Scorpio? The Scorpio you see here is the new, third
generation of Mahindra's popular SUV. It's built on an all-new platform
that is made up of stronger composite materials, which, as we're told,
makes the Scorpio a safer place to be in, thanks to the newly-
incorporated crumple zones. This new chassis will also form the basis
for Mahindra's upcoming vehicles. Mahindra tells us that the new
platform can easily be altered to make a sub-four metre car (Quanto
replacement, anyone?), without compromising on structural integrity.
Everything in and about the Scorpio is all-new. The lads at the Nashik
factory informed us that the only bits that have been carried over from
the older SUV are the doors. There's tons of 'Scorpio' badging all over
the SUV. Outside, the Scorpio appears to have borrowed some cues from
its bigger cousin, the XUV500 – like the grille that looks like it's
been scratched by a big cat, a very XUV-like front bumper, the bigger,
bolder wheel arches and the snazzy tail-lamps. The face sports a very
European look, while the sides look more or less the same. The rear,
too, flashes off a new, two-tone appliqué, which has a very aftermarket
look to it.
The new Scorpio is offered with 2WD and 4WD – with an on-the- fly-shift
low-ratio case on the latter – and in six different variants - S2, S4,
S6, S6+, S8 and S10. The top-of-the-line S10 variant we're driving here
comes loaded with all the goodies from Mahindra's bag of treats – like
LED eyebrows on the dual projector lamps, a bonnet scoop and some
chrome bits splashed up front, start-stop tech, ABS, tyre pressure
sensors, etc. Inside the S10, you get stuff like dual front airbags, a
simple touch- controlled six-inch infotainment system with navigation,
climate control with rear AC vents, dual- tone seats and silver and
chrome inserts. The new Scorpio is ergonomically quite sound with all
the operational equipment well in reach. The new, blue-lit,
part-digital-part-analogue display looks very nice and provides speed,
odo, fuel level, engine temperature, trip and gear indication readouts.
But there are a couple of flaws in the new Scorpio. Once the driver's
side door is closed, it's nearly impossible to slide your hand down and
operate the seat-height adjuster. Also, the quality of the tiny door
locks is questionable, because they feel like they'll break if you
don't use them gently. The New Scorpio borrows the five-speed gearbox
from the recently-updated Xylo, with minor changes to the final drive
ratio. The steering wheel has been lifted from the XUV500, along with
some interior bits like the chrome-lined AC vents. Overall, fit and
finish inside the new SUV is definitely a step-up from the versions
that came before it, making the cabin a nice place to be in. It's as
airy as it used to be, but this one's livelier, thanks to the lighter
shade of plastic present inside. We didn't get a chance to drive the
4WD version, so we chose to stick to the road in this 2WD variant. The
double-wishbone suspension setup is completely new, with Independent
coil springs at the front, and a multi-link coil spring employed at the
back. Ride quality remains more or less the same at low speed, with the
suspension soaking up bumps well. At high speeds, the SUV now feels a
little more stable than before, with less pitching under heavy braking.
The big difference with the new Scorpio is the inclusion of an
anti-roll bar with bump steps at the rear, which makes cornering hard a
little more comfortable. The new alloy wheels are an inch larger than
the previous car's 16- inchers, which helps over rough patches. It's
not the first time we've seen the 2,179cc turbo- diesel do duty in a
Mahindra vehicle, and the 120bhp, 280Nm four-pot does a good job of
moving the new Scorpio. The base S2 variant gets 15-inch wheels and the
2.5l m2DICR common rail diesel engine under the hood, which is good for
75bhp and 200Nm. The height and wheelbase of the new Scorpio are
exactly the same as that of the outgoing model, but this new one's
marginally longer and wider. Even with the new chassis, the gross
weight of the 2WD and 4WD Scorpios remains unchanged at 2,510 and
2,610kg respectively. However, Mahindra says that the fuel efficiency
of the new SUV has gone up by nearly one kilometre per litre, from the
previously-claimed 14.7kpl. For those of us who had gotten used to the
design of the Scorpio, the new car looks like an ode to the current car
but with a bit more flash to it. It's undergone a modernisation change
and feels more confident thanks to the new chassis. The steering feels
nicer and the ride has improved. Though it doesn't feel like a
generation change, it is a step-up from the current Scorpio.
Narendra Modi asks Pepsi, Coke to blend fruit juices in fizzy drinks
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday said multinational cola
giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola should help augment fruit sales for Indian
farmers by adding fresh fruit juices to their fizzy drinks. "Millions
of people buy Pepsi and Coke. I have asked these companies if they can
put five per cent natural juice in their drinks," Modi said on
Wednesday in Karnataka. "If they can, then our farmers will make a lot
of money. Our farmers will not have to throw their fruit away," he said
after inaugurating a food park with a storage capacity of more than
20,000 tonnes for two dozen food processing companies. Modi's food
processing minister said last month that PepsiCo should reduce the
sugar content of its beverages, and asked the company to partner with
the government to develop nutritious processed food for school students.
giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola should help augment fruit sales for Indian
farmers by adding fresh fruit juices to their fizzy drinks. "Millions
of people buy Pepsi and Coke. I have asked these companies if they can
put five per cent natural juice in their drinks," Modi said on
Wednesday in Karnataka. "If they can, then our farmers will make a lot
of money. Our farmers will not have to throw their fruit away," he said
after inaugurating a food park with a storage capacity of more than
20,000 tonnes for two dozen food processing companies. Modi's food
processing minister said last month that PepsiCo should reduce the
sugar content of its beverages, and asked the company to partner with
the government to develop nutritious processed food for school students.
Unknown facts about science and physics
01 The theory of relativity was propounded by Albert Einstein
02 The principal metal used in manufacturing steel is Iron
03 An altimeter is used for measuring Altitude
04 Oology is the study of Birds eggs
05 Radioactivity was discovered by Henry Bacquerel
06 The metal used in storage batteries is Lead
07 The instrument used to measure the relative humidity of air is
Hygrometer
08 Barometer was invented by Torricelli
09 The unit of power is Watt
10 Radium was discovered by Marie and Pierrie Curie
11 The existence of isotopes was discovered by Frederick Soddy
12 Dynamo was invented by Michael Faraday
13 The nuclear reactor was invented by Enrico Ferni
14 The law of gravitation was propounded by Sir Isaac Newton
15 Crescograph was invented by J.C.Bose
16 Crescograph is used to measure the Rate of growth of a plant
17 Galileo's first scientific discovery was Pendulum
18 Microscope was invented by Aaton Van Leewen Hock
19 The scientist who is known as father of modern biology is Aristotle
20 The first person to see a cell under microscope was Robert Hooke
21 The smallest flowering plant is Worffia
22 The four blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner
23 Sodium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy
24 The atomic number of oxygen is Eight
25 The basic building blocks of proteins are Amino acids
26 The botanical name of the cotton plant is Gossipium Hirsutum
27 An Electroscope is used to Detect charges on a body
28 The unit of loudness is Phon
29 An ammeter is used to measure Electric current
30 Plant that eat insects are called Insectivorous plants
02 The principal metal used in manufacturing steel is Iron
03 An altimeter is used for measuring Altitude
04 Oology is the study of Birds eggs
05 Radioactivity was discovered by Henry Bacquerel
06 The metal used in storage batteries is Lead
07 The instrument used to measure the relative humidity of air is
Hygrometer
08 Barometer was invented by Torricelli
09 The unit of power is Watt
10 Radium was discovered by Marie and Pierrie Curie
11 The existence of isotopes was discovered by Frederick Soddy
12 Dynamo was invented by Michael Faraday
13 The nuclear reactor was invented by Enrico Ferni
14 The law of gravitation was propounded by Sir Isaac Newton
15 Crescograph was invented by J.C.Bose
16 Crescograph is used to measure the Rate of growth of a plant
17 Galileo's first scientific discovery was Pendulum
18 Microscope was invented by Aaton Van Leewen Hock
19 The scientist who is known as father of modern biology is Aristotle
20 The first person to see a cell under microscope was Robert Hooke
21 The smallest flowering plant is Worffia
22 The four blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner
23 Sodium was discovered by Sir Humphry Davy
24 The atomic number of oxygen is Eight
25 The basic building blocks of proteins are Amino acids
26 The botanical name of the cotton plant is Gossipium Hirsutum
27 An Electroscope is used to Detect charges on a body
28 The unit of loudness is Phon
29 An ammeter is used to measure Electric current
30 Plant that eat insects are called Insectivorous plants
General Knowledge Model Questions and Answers to prepare Combined Graduate Level Examinations.
1. The Secretary General of the Lok Sabha is appointed by: Answer. The
Speaker of the Lok Sabha
2. The Author of 'Snakes and Ladders' is: Answer. Gita Mehta
3. The first Indian satellite 'Aryabhata' was launched in the year:
Answer. 1975
4. The first World Cup Football tournament was held in: Answer. Uruguay
5. The rear view mirror used in vehicles is: Answer. Convex
6. Which country is known as 'Land of Thousand Lakes'? Answer. Finland
7. The free operating system Linux was developed by: Answer. Linus
Torwalds
8. New York City is on the bank of the river. Answer. Hudson
9. How many vertebrae are there in a giraffe's neck? Answer. 7
10. Who is the founder of the Khilji dynasty? Answer. Jalaludheen
Khilji
11. When did television transmission begin in India? Answer. 1959
12. The first battle of Panipat was in: Answer. 1526
13. India Gate was earlier known as: Answer. All India War Memorial
14. Vitamin B2 is also known as: Answer. Riboflavin
15. The capital of Nigeria is: Answer. Abuja
16. Mesopotamia is now known as: Answer. Iraq
Speaker of the Lok Sabha
2. The Author of 'Snakes and Ladders' is: Answer. Gita Mehta
3. The first Indian satellite 'Aryabhata' was launched in the year:
Answer. 1975
4. The first World Cup Football tournament was held in: Answer. Uruguay
5. The rear view mirror used in vehicles is: Answer. Convex
6. Which country is known as 'Land of Thousand Lakes'? Answer. Finland
7. The free operating system Linux was developed by: Answer. Linus
Torwalds
8. New York City is on the bank of the river. Answer. Hudson
9. How many vertebrae are there in a giraffe's neck? Answer. 7
10. Who is the founder of the Khilji dynasty? Answer. Jalaludheen
Khilji
11. When did television transmission begin in India? Answer. 1959
12. The first battle of Panipat was in: Answer. 1526
13. India Gate was earlier known as: Answer. All India War Memorial
14. Vitamin B2 is also known as: Answer. Riboflavin
15. The capital of Nigeria is: Answer. Abuja
16. Mesopotamia is now known as: Answer. Iraq
General knowledge questions and answers about bones for preparing examinations.
1. The study of Bones is called? Answer: Osteology
2. Cells of bone is called? Answer: Osteocytes
3. Cells of cartilage is called? Answer: Chondrocytes
4. The total number of bones in an Adult human body? Answer: 206
5. Number of ribs in human body? Answer: 24
6. The face of a man is made up of? Answer: 14 bones
7. Number of bones in spinal column? Answer: 33
8. Number of bones in Ear? Answer: 3
9. Which is the longest bone? Answer: Femur
10. Which is the smallest bone? Answer: Stapes
11. Breast bone? Answer: Sternum
12. Total number of muscles? Answer: 639
13. Study of body movements? Answer: Kinesiology
14. Strongest muscles? Answer: Jaw muscles
15. Largest muscles? Answer: Gluteus maximus
16. Smallest muscles? Answer: Stapedius
17. The breaking of a bone is known as? Answer: Fracture
2. Cells of bone is called? Answer: Osteocytes
3. Cells of cartilage is called? Answer: Chondrocytes
4. The total number of bones in an Adult human body? Answer: 206
5. Number of ribs in human body? Answer: 24
6. The face of a man is made up of? Answer: 14 bones
7. Number of bones in spinal column? Answer: 33
8. Number of bones in Ear? Answer: 3
9. Which is the longest bone? Answer: Femur
10. Which is the smallest bone? Answer: Stapes
11. Breast bone? Answer: Sternum
12. Total number of muscles? Answer: 639
13. Study of body movements? Answer: Kinesiology
14. Strongest muscles? Answer: Jaw muscles
15. Largest muscles? Answer: Gluteus maximus
16. Smallest muscles? Answer: Stapedius
17. The breaking of a bone is known as? Answer: Fracture
Scientific Units: Physics
Ampere – Electric Current
Angstrom – Wavelength of light
Bar – Atmospheric Pressure
Becquerel – Activity of a radionuclide
Coulomb – Electric charge
Dioptre – Power of a lens
Decibel – Intensity of sound
Dalton – Atomic mass Darcy – Permeability
Force – Newton
Farad – Electric capacitance
Fathom – Depth of sea
Henry – Inductance
Hertz – Frequency of sound
Joule – Work or Energy
Knot – Speed of ship
Kilowatt – Electric power
Kelvin – Thermodynamic Temperature
Lax – Illuminance
Maxwell – Magnetic flux
Ohm – Electric resistance
Volt – Electric potential
Watt – Power
Siemens – Electric Conductance
For more articles visit http://cracksbipo.blogspot.com
http://i-phone5c.blogspot.com
http://patelbassar.blogspot.com
http://thegkgarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontrollergarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontroller.tk
Join us at facebook www.facebook.com/visitsurat
Angstrom – Wavelength of light
Bar – Atmospheric Pressure
Becquerel – Activity of a radionuclide
Coulomb – Electric charge
Dioptre – Power of a lens
Decibel – Intensity of sound
Dalton – Atomic mass Darcy – Permeability
Force – Newton
Farad – Electric capacitance
Fathom – Depth of sea
Henry – Inductance
Hertz – Frequency of sound
Joule – Work or Energy
Knot – Speed of ship
Kilowatt – Electric power
Kelvin – Thermodynamic Temperature
Lax – Illuminance
Maxwell – Magnetic flux
Ohm – Electric resistance
Volt – Electric potential
Watt – Power
Siemens – Electric Conductance
For more articles visit http://cracksbipo.blogspot.com
http://i-phone5c.blogspot.com
http://patelbassar.blogspot.com
http://thegkgarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontrollergarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontroller.tk
Join us at facebook www.facebook.com/visitsurat
Fathers Of Different Fields
1. Father of Astronomy : Copernicus
2. Economics : Adam Smith
3. Biology : Aristotle
4. Chemistry : Antoine Lavoisier
5. Geometry : Euclid
6. History : Herodotus
7. Genetics : G.J. Mendel
8. Botany : Theophrastus
9. Classical mechanics : IsaacNewton
10. Computer : Charles Babbage
11. Comedy : Aristophanes
12. English poetry : GeoffreyChaucer
13. Homeopathy : Heinemann
14. Indian Green Revolution : M.S.Swaminathan
15. India's Communication Revolution : Sam Pitroda
16. Medicine : Hippocrates
17. Modern physics : GalileoGalilei
18. Nuclear physics : Ernest Rutherford
19. Nuclear science : Marie Curie , Pierre Curie
20. Pentium Chip : Vinod Dham
21. Periodic table : Dmitri Mendeleev
22. Political science : NiccolòMachiavelli
23. Quantum mechanics : Max Planck
24. Relativity : Albert Einstein
25. Robotics : Al-Jazari
26. Thermodynamics : Sadi Carnot
27. Zoology : Aristotle
For more articles visit http://cracksbipo.blogspot.com
http://i-phone5c.blogspot.com
http://patelbassar.blogspot.com
http://thegkgarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontrollergarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontroller.tk
2. Economics : Adam Smith
3. Biology : Aristotle
4. Chemistry : Antoine Lavoisier
5. Geometry : Euclid
6. History : Herodotus
7. Genetics : G.J. Mendel
8. Botany : Theophrastus
9. Classical mechanics : IsaacNewton
10. Computer : Charles Babbage
11. Comedy : Aristophanes
12. English poetry : GeoffreyChaucer
13. Homeopathy : Heinemann
14. Indian Green Revolution : M.S.Swaminathan
15. India's Communication Revolution : Sam Pitroda
16. Medicine : Hippocrates
17. Modern physics : GalileoGalilei
18. Nuclear physics : Ernest Rutherford
19. Nuclear science : Marie Curie , Pierre Curie
20. Pentium Chip : Vinod Dham
21. Periodic table : Dmitri Mendeleev
22. Political science : NiccolòMachiavelli
23. Quantum mechanics : Max Planck
24. Relativity : Albert Einstein
25. Robotics : Al-Jazari
26. Thermodynamics : Sadi Carnot
27. Zoology : Aristotle
For more articles visit http://cracksbipo.blogspot.com
http://i-phone5c.blogspot.com
http://patelbassar.blogspot.com
http://thegkgarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontrollergarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontroller.tk
Some Mobile Companies, Their Founders and Headquarters
1) Nokia: Founder - Fredrik Indestam and Leo Mechelin Headquarters -
Finland.
2) Apple: Founder - Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne
Headquarters - California U.S.
3) HTC: Founder - Cher Wang, HT Chou and Peter Chou Headquarters -
Taiwan.
4) Sony: Founder - Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita Headquarters - Minato,
Tokyo, Japan.
5) Micromax: Founder - Rajesh Agarwal, Sumeet Arora, Rahul Sharma and
Vikas Jain Headquarters - Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
6) LG: Founder - Koo In-Hwoi Headquarters - Seoul, South Korea.
7) Samsung: Founder - Lee Byung-Chull Headquarters - Korea.
8) Motorola: Headquaters - Schaumburg, Illinois, United States
Share 99% of your friends dont know about it 0:D
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Finland.
2) Apple: Founder - Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne
Headquarters - California U.S.
3) HTC: Founder - Cher Wang, HT Chou and Peter Chou Headquarters -
Taiwan.
4) Sony: Founder - Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita Headquarters - Minato,
Tokyo, Japan.
5) Micromax: Founder - Rajesh Agarwal, Sumeet Arora, Rahul Sharma and
Vikas Jain Headquarters - Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
6) LG: Founder - Koo In-Hwoi Headquarters - Seoul, South Korea.
7) Samsung: Founder - Lee Byung-Chull Headquarters - Korea.
8) Motorola: Headquaters - Schaumburg, Illinois, United States
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New cabinet of Narendra Modi
Here is list of all ministers of New cabinet of Narendra Modi 26 May
2014
(1) Narendra Modi -Prime Minister
(2) Rajnath Singh - Home Minister
( 3 ) Arun Jehtli - Finance Minister
(4) Susma Swaraj - External Affairs Minister
( 5 ) Murli Manohar Joshi - Human Resource Development Minister
(6) Nitin Gadkari - Agricultural And Food Poisoning Minister
(7) Ravi Sankar Prasad - Law and Justice Minister
( 8) Sehnavaz Hushen - Minority Affairs Minister
( 9) Venkaiah Naidu - Railways Minister
( 10) Anant Kumar - Civil Aviation Minister
( 11) Dr. Harsh Vardhan - Health and Family Welfare Minister
( 12) Narendra Singh Tomar - Rural Development Minister
( 13) Sumintra Mahajan - Women and Child Development Minister
( 14) Uma Bharti - Mines Minister
( 15) Rajiv Pratap Rudy - Commence And Industry Minister
(16) Ramesh Bais - Steel Minister
(17) Meenakshi Lekhi - Social Justice and Empowerment Minister
( 18) Shanta Kumar - Taxtiles Minister
( 19) Anurag Thakur - Youth Affairs And Sports Minister..
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2014
(1) Narendra Modi -Prime Minister
(2) Rajnath Singh - Home Minister
( 3 ) Arun Jehtli - Finance Minister
(4) Susma Swaraj - External Affairs Minister
( 5 ) Murli Manohar Joshi - Human Resource Development Minister
(6) Nitin Gadkari - Agricultural And Food Poisoning Minister
(7) Ravi Sankar Prasad - Law and Justice Minister
( 8) Sehnavaz Hushen - Minority Affairs Minister
( 9) Venkaiah Naidu - Railways Minister
( 10) Anant Kumar - Civil Aviation Minister
( 11) Dr. Harsh Vardhan - Health and Family Welfare Minister
( 12) Narendra Singh Tomar - Rural Development Minister
( 13) Sumintra Mahajan - Women and Child Development Minister
( 14) Uma Bharti - Mines Minister
( 15) Rajiv Pratap Rudy - Commence And Industry Minister
(16) Ramesh Bais - Steel Minister
(17) Meenakshi Lekhi - Social Justice and Empowerment Minister
( 18) Shanta Kumar - Taxtiles Minister
( 19) Anurag Thakur - Youth Affairs And Sports Minister..
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Locations of National Laboratories in India
1. National Physical Laboratory: New Delhi
2. National Institute of Oceanography: Panaji (Goa)
3. National Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI): Nagpur
4. Indian Institute of Petroleum: Dehra Dun (Uttaranchal)
5. National Chemical Laboratory: Pune
6. Central Road Research Institute: New Delhi
7. Central Mining Research Station: Dhanbad (Bihar)
8. Central Drug Research Institute: Lucknow (UP)
9. Central Building Research Institute: Roorkee (UP)
10. Central Food Technological Research Institute: Mysore
11. Central Leather Research Institute: Chennai
12. National Aeronautical Laboratory: Bangalore
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2. National Institute of Oceanography: Panaji (Goa)
3. National Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI): Nagpur
4. Indian Institute of Petroleum: Dehra Dun (Uttaranchal)
5. National Chemical Laboratory: Pune
6. Central Road Research Institute: New Delhi
7. Central Mining Research Station: Dhanbad (Bihar)
8. Central Drug Research Institute: Lucknow (UP)
9. Central Building Research Institute: Roorkee (UP)
10. Central Food Technological Research Institute: Mysore
11. Central Leather Research Institute: Chennai
12. National Aeronautical Laboratory: Bangalore
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10 TRUE REASONS WHY WOMEN ARE SO COMPLICATED
1. They experience a lot of biological changes Biologically, women
undergo so many changes within a month. With the end of each menstrual
cycle to the ovulation period and then again to the start of next
menstrual cycle, a woman's body experiences so many hormonal and
biological changes that it is bound to have an effect on them. Under
the effect of such hormones, they often behave differently, thus making
their behavior 'complicated' and 'complex' to others.
2. They think with their hearts A lot of complications come from the
fact that women tend to 'think' with their hearts rather than with
their minds. They tend to become emotional very fast. Emotions make
women more complicated.
3. They are forever multi- tasking Women are often juggling so many
personal and professional responsibilities. They are at many places at
one time. They are performing the multiple roles of wife, mother,
daughter, sister, professional and so on. This constant multi-tasking
adds complexity to their behavior.
4. Women give a lot of priority to 'trivial' issues It's in the nature
of women to give priority to trivial issues. Little things matter a lot
to them which may mean nothing to men. That's why when they have a
problem or an issue, often men find that it's 'nothing' and they end up
calling them as 'complicated'.
5. Women can't let go of past The past keeps coming back to haunt them
and interfere with their present and future, making their behavior
complex to men who find it difficult to connect the past conflicts to
the present escalations.
6. Women are forever comparing Be it themselves or their spouses, they
are forever comparing and judging. This adds a lot of complexity to
their daily interactions and behavior.
7. Women are extremely self- critical Believe it or not, but women are
very self-critical. They are very harsh on themselves, from physical
looks to emotional temperament. This makes them very difficult and
complicated.
8. Women often make their world go round their boyfriend/ husband/
family They give a lot of priority to relationships and easily get hurt
when others don't respond in the same way. Little things can tick them
off, thereby leaving the other person confused about what happened.
9. There's never a right answer for them! If they ask men, "Am I
looking fat?" and if he says no then the man is termed liar and if he
says yes, then they give "Are you kidding me?" expression! These often
display why women are complicated.
10. They expect a lot Since women do a lot, they tend to expect a lot
too. But often those expectations are not met, especially the ones
concerning with emotional needs. This hurts them but they often expect
that others should understand. So they don't directly say what is
wrong. The man is left wondering what is wrong and ends up simply
labeling women as 'complicated'. Every complication has a way around to
make it simple, so is the case with women. Men should try to understand
them, then every woman will seem a bit 'less complicated'.
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undergo so many changes within a month. With the end of each menstrual
cycle to the ovulation period and then again to the start of next
menstrual cycle, a woman's body experiences so many hormonal and
biological changes that it is bound to have an effect on them. Under
the effect of such hormones, they often behave differently, thus making
their behavior 'complicated' and 'complex' to others.
2. They think with their hearts A lot of complications come from the
fact that women tend to 'think' with their hearts rather than with
their minds. They tend to become emotional very fast. Emotions make
women more complicated.
3. They are forever multi- tasking Women are often juggling so many
personal and professional responsibilities. They are at many places at
one time. They are performing the multiple roles of wife, mother,
daughter, sister, professional and so on. This constant multi-tasking
adds complexity to their behavior.
4. Women give a lot of priority to 'trivial' issues It's in the nature
of women to give priority to trivial issues. Little things matter a lot
to them which may mean nothing to men. That's why when they have a
problem or an issue, often men find that it's 'nothing' and they end up
calling them as 'complicated'.
5. Women can't let go of past The past keeps coming back to haunt them
and interfere with their present and future, making their behavior
complex to men who find it difficult to connect the past conflicts to
the present escalations.
6. Women are forever comparing Be it themselves or their spouses, they
are forever comparing and judging. This adds a lot of complexity to
their daily interactions and behavior.
7. Women are extremely self- critical Believe it or not, but women are
very self-critical. They are very harsh on themselves, from physical
looks to emotional temperament. This makes them very difficult and
complicated.
8. Women often make their world go round their boyfriend/ husband/
family They give a lot of priority to relationships and easily get hurt
when others don't respond in the same way. Little things can tick them
off, thereby leaving the other person confused about what happened.
9. There's never a right answer for them! If they ask men, "Am I
looking fat?" and if he says no then the man is termed liar and if he
says yes, then they give "Are you kidding me?" expression! These often
display why women are complicated.
10. They expect a lot Since women do a lot, they tend to expect a lot
too. But often those expectations are not met, especially the ones
concerning with emotional needs. This hurts them but they often expect
that others should understand. So they don't directly say what is
wrong. The man is left wondering what is wrong and ends up simply
labeling women as 'complicated'. Every complication has a way around to
make it simple, so is the case with women. Men should try to understand
them, then every woman will seem a bit 'less complicated'.
For more articles visit http://cracksbipo.blogspot.com
http://i-phone5c.blogspot.com
http://patelbassar.blogspot.com
http://thegkgarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontrollergarden.blogspot.com
http://microcontroller.tk
5 Smallest Countries of World - 4. Tuvalu
Size: 9 sq. mi. (26 km²)
Population: 10,441 (2005 estimate)
Location: South Pacific
Tuvalu is basically a chain of low-lying coral islands, with its highest elevation being 16 feet or 5 meters above seal level. With total land area of just 9 square miles, Tuvalu is not only a teeny tiny island in the Pacific Ocean, it may not even exist in the next 50 years if sea level continue to rise (a controversial claim, nonetheless there were evacuation plans to New Zealand and other Pacific Islands). Even if the sea level does not rise, other problems such as population growth and coastal erosion still make Tuvalu a very vulnerable country. During World War II, thousands of American troops were stationed on the islands of Tuvalu and the island became an Allied base. Airfields were quickly constructed and after the war, abandoned. In fact, today rusting wrecks can be found on the islands, a constant reminder of its role in the War. Today, Tuvalu also derives income from renting out its Internet country code top-level domain .tv, as it is the abbreviation of the word 'television'. This scheme got off to a rocky start (the original company who tried to do it failed to raise the necessary funds), but finally proved to be the largest source of income for the country.
5 Smallest Countries of World - 3. Nauru
Size: 8 sq. mi (21 km²)
Population: 13,005 (2005 estimate)
Location: Western Pacific Ocean
Nauru is the world's smallest island nation, the smallest independent republic, and the only republic in the world without an official capital. Nauru only has one significant source of income: phosphates from thousands of years' worth of guano or bird droppings. This proved to be both a boon and a bane for Nauruans - for a long time, its residents enjoyed a relatively high level of income as the country exported its phosphate like there's no tomorrow. The government employed 95% of Nauruans, and lavished free medical care and schooling for its citizens. Most didn't take advantage of this offer: only one-third of children went on to secondary school. The adults didn't really work, either - office hours were flexible and the most popular pastime was drinking beer and driving the 20-minute circuit around the island. For a while, Nauru was a paradise - for a brief moment in 1970s, Nauruans were even amongst the richest people on the planet. Nothing lasts forever and sure enough, Nauru's phosphate reserves soon dried up and left 90% of the island as a barren, jagged mining wasteland. Wasteful investments (like buying hotels only to leave them to rot) and gross incompetence by the government (former presidents used to commandeer Air Nauru's planes for holidays, leaving paying customers stranded on the tarmac!) didn't help either. As if that's not bad enough, Nauru is also beset by obesity problem. Decades of leisurely lifestyle and high consumption of alcohol and fatty foods have left as many as 9 out of 10 people overweight! Nauru also has the world's highest level of type 2 diabetes - over 40% of its population is affected. So now, Nauruans are poverty-stricken and fat - but they are trying to turn things around. With no natural resource left, in the 1990s, Nauru decided to become a tax haven and offered passports to foreign nationals for a fee. This attracted the wrong kind of money (but a lot of it): the Russian mafia funneled over $70 billion to the tiny island nation. Things got so bad that most big banks refused to handle transactions involving Nauru because of money laundering problems. This led Nauru to another extraordinary money-making scheme: it became a detention camp for people applying for asylum to Australia!
Computer General Knowledge MCQ questions with Answers 1
1. Compiler is the
(a) name given to the computer operator
(b) part of the digital machine to store the information
(c) translator of source program to object
(d) part of arithmetic logic unit
(e) operator of Boolean Algebra
Ans (c)
2. Main memory is
(a) Random Access Memory (b) Read only Memory
(c) Serial Access Memory (d) None of these
Ans (a)
3. Which of the following is the smallest and fastest computer imitating brain working?
(a) Supercomputer (b) Quantum Computer
(c) Param-10,000 (d) IBM chips
Ans (b)
4. A compact disc (CD) is a data storage of the type
(a) Magnetic (b) Optical (c) Electrical (d) Electromechanical
Ans (a)
5. Which of the following is not as language for computer programming?
(a) WINDOWS (b) PASCAL (c) BASIC
(d) COBOL (e) All of these
Ans (a)
6. What are the two basic types of memory that your computer uses?
(a) RAM (b) RW/RAM (c) ROM (d) ERAM (e) POST
Ans (a)
7. The term gigabyte refers to(a) 1024 bytes (b) 1024 kilobytes (c) 1024 megabytes
(d) 1024 gigabytes (e) None of the above
Ans (c)
8. A computer with CPU speed around 100 million instructions per second & with the word length of around 64 bits is known as
(a) Super computer (b) Mini computer (c) Micro computer
(d) Micro computer (e) None of the above
Ans (a)
9. What digits are representative of all binary numbers?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) Both (a ) and (b) (d) 3 (e) None of the above
Ans (c)
10. To locate a data items for storage is
(a) Field (b) Feed (c) Database
(d) Fetch (e) None of the above
Ans (d)
(a) name given to the computer operator
(b) part of the digital machine to store the information
(c) translator of source program to object
(d) part of arithmetic logic unit
(e) operator of Boolean Algebra
Ans (c)
2. Main memory is
(a) Random Access Memory (b) Read only Memory
(c) Serial Access Memory (d) None of these
Ans (a)
3. Which of the following is the smallest and fastest computer imitating brain working?
(a) Supercomputer (b) Quantum Computer
(c) Param-10,000 (d) IBM chips
Ans (b)
4. A compact disc (CD) is a data storage of the type
(a) Magnetic (b) Optical (c) Electrical (d) Electromechanical
Ans (a)
5. Which of the following is not as language for computer programming?
(a) WINDOWS (b) PASCAL (c) BASIC
(d) COBOL (e) All of these
Ans (a)
6. What are the two basic types of memory that your computer uses?
(a) RAM (b) RW/RAM (c) ROM (d) ERAM (e) POST
Ans (a)
7. The term gigabyte refers to(a) 1024 bytes (b) 1024 kilobytes (c) 1024 megabytes
(d) 1024 gigabytes (e) None of the above
Ans (c)
8. A computer with CPU speed around 100 million instructions per second & with the word length of around 64 bits is known as
(a) Super computer (b) Mini computer (c) Micro computer
(d) Micro computer (e) None of the above
Ans (a)
9. What digits are representative of all binary numbers?
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) Both (a ) and (b) (d) 3 (e) None of the above
Ans (c)
10. To locate a data items for storage is
(a) Field (b) Feed (c) Database
(d) Fetch (e) None of the above
Ans (d)
5 Smallest Countries of World - 2. Monaco
Size: 0.8 sq. mi. (1.96 km²)
Population: 35,657 (2006 estimate)
Location: French Riviera on the Mediterranean
Monaco is the second smallest country on Earth (it's roughly the size of New York's Central Park), yet it's the most densely populated (23,660 people per km²). Actually, Monaco used to be much smaller than it is now - about 100 acres were reclaimed from the sea and added to its land size. At the narrowest, Monaco is only 382 yards wide!
The Principality of Monaco, its formal name, means that the territory is ruled by a prince. For the last seven centuries, Monaco was ruled by princes of the Grimaldi family from Genoa. (The whole thing started one night in 1297 when François Grimaldi disguised himself as a monk and led a small army to conquer the fortress guarding the Rock of Monaco. The coat of arms of the Grimaldi bears the image of monks with swords!) Now, the Prince shares legislative authority with a National Council. In 1861, Monaco relinquished half of its territory to France in exchange for cash and independence. When the reigning prince realized that most of Monaco's natural resources were on the land that got bartered away, he decided to bet the whole economy on … what else, gambling (see, casinos aren't only for American Indians, it's a time-tested, universal solution!) And so began Monte Carlo, a region of Monaco well known for its glamorous casinos (a setting for Ian Fleming's first James Bond Novel Casino Royale) and its Formula One Grand Prix.
In 1918, Monaco entered a treaty with France for military protection - the treaty, however, also stipulated that Monaco would lose its independence (and become French) should the reigning Grimaldi prince died without leaving a male heir! When Prince Rainier III took over, he was a bachelor and most Monegasques (that means people of Monaco) were gloomy about the country's future. However, he ended up marrying Hollywood actress Grace Kelly - the marriage not only produced a male heir, it also helped burnish Monaco's image as a glamorous place to be for the wealthy. (Monaco can rest easy now, a new treaty with France stated that the Principality will remain independent even without a male heir). For a long time, Monaco had no income taxes and was a tax haven for wealthy foreigners and international corporations. This caused a unique thing about Monaco's population: most of its residents are not native - in fact, only about 1 in 5 people are native Monegasques. After a long dispute with France, Monaco started to impose income taxes on all of its residents who are not born there. Its natural citizens are forbidden from entering casinos, but to make up for it, they do not have to pay any income taxes.
Computer General Knowledge MCQ questions with Answers 2
1. Off-line operation is the operation of devices without the control of
(a) Memory (b) CPU (c) ALU
(d) Control unit (e) None of the above
Ans (b)
2. A type of line printer that uses an embossed steel band to form the letters printed on the paper is
(a) Golf ball printer (b) Dot-matrix printer
(c) Laser printer (d) Band printer (e) None of the above
Ans (d)
3. A software used to convert source program instructions to object instruction is known as
(a) Compiler (b) Assembler (c) Interpreter
(d) Language processor (e) None of the above
4. The 'IC' chip, used in computers, is made of
(a) Chromium (b) Iron oxide (c) Silica (d) Silicon
Ans (d)
5. Name the first general purpose electronic computer
Ans : UNIVAC
5 Smallest Countries of World - 5. San Marino
Size: 24 sq. mi. (61 km²)
Population: 28,117 (2005 estimate)
Location: North-central Italy near the Adriatic coast.
With the formal name of The Most Serene Republic of San Marino, it's not surprising that San Marino has got lots of charms. Founded in AD 301 by a Christian stonecutter named (what else) Marino (or Marinus, depending on who you ask), who along with a small group of Christians, was seeking escape from religious persecution, San Marino is the world's oldest republic. Its history belies its simple motto: "Liberty." Indeed, San Marino was such a good neighbor that it was hardly ever conquered by larger enemies (it was briefly conquered in the 1500s and the 1700s, for like a month each). Even when Napoleon gobbled most of Europe, he left San Marino alone, saying it was a model republic! San Marino takes its government seriously: for such a tiny country, San Marino has a very complex government structure, based on a constitution written in 1600. The country is ruled by an elected Council of 60, who appoints 2 captain regents (from opposing political parties, no less) to administer governmental affairs for six-month term. Talk about preserving liberties through division of authority! Before World War II, San Marino was amongst the poorest countries in Europe. Today, with more than 3 million tourists visiting every year (half of San Marino's income is derived from tourism), the people of San Marino are amongst the world's richest people.
5 Smallest Countries of World - 1. Vatican City
Size: 0.17 sq. mi. (0.44 km²)
Population: 783 (2005 census)
Location: Rome, Italy
The size of a golf course, the Vatican City is the smallest country in the world. It's basically a walled enclave inside of Rome, Italy. It's so small that the entire country does not have a single street address. The Vatican City may be small, but it is very powerful. It is the sovereign territory of the Holy See, or the seat of the Catholic Church (basically its central government), which has over 1 billion people (about 1 in 6 people on the planet) as constituents. The Vatican City was created in 1929 by the Lateran Treaty (which was signed by one of history's most repressive dictators, Benito Mussolini) and is ruled by the Pope, basically a non-hereditary, elected monarch who rules with absolute authority (he's the legislative, executive and judiciary all rolled into one) - indeed, the Pope is the only absolute monarch in Europe. Another unique thing about the smallest country in the world is that it has no permanent citizens. Citizenship of the Vatican City is conferred upon those who work at the Vatican (as well as their spouses and children) and is revoked when they stop working there.
The Vatican City is guarded by the smallest and oldest regular army in the world, the Swiss Guard. It was originally made up of Swiss mercenaries in 1506, now the army (also personal bodyguards of the Pope) number 100, all of which are Catholic unmarried male Swiss citizens. The Swiss Guard's Renaissance-style uniform was commonly attributed as to have been designed by Michelangelo - this was actually incorrect: the large "skirt" pants were a common style during the Renaissance. Only their uniforms seem antiquated: most of the Swiss Guards carry pistols and submachine-guns. The official languages of the Vatican City are Latin and Italian. In fact, its ATMs are the only ones in the world that offer services in Latin! And here you thought that Latin is a dead language… For a country that has no street address, the Vatican City has a very efficient post office: an international mail dropped in the Vatican will get there faster than one dropped in Italy just a few hundred yard away - in fact, there is more mail sent annually per inhabitant from this country (7,200 mails per person) than anywhere else in the world. The Vatican City has a country code top level domain of .va - currently there are only 9 publicly known .va domains. It also has a radio broadcasting service, called Vatican Radio, which was set up by Guglielmo Marconi (the Father of Radio) himself! The country's economy is unique: it is the only non-commercial economy in the world. Instead, the Vatican City is supported financially by contributions of Catholics worldwide (called Peter's Pence - hey, even the Pope accepts credit cards!), the sale of postage stamps and publications, and tourism. Lastly, as an ecclesiastical paradise, the Vatican City has no taxes.
Pakistan's top TV journalist Hamid Mir has been shot at in Karachi.
Geo TV reported that Mir's vehicle was ambushed by four unidentified motorcycle-borne gunmen near a bridge on way to his office from the airport. Mir, 47, sustained bullet injuries after he was shot at. His security guards called up office to inform them of the attack on him. He was rushed to a hospital in a private car.
Hamid Mir's brother Amir Mir blamed Pakistan Intelligence Agency ISI for the attack.
Just last month, senior analyst Raza Rumi was shot at in Lahore that killed his driver.
#Pakistan #HamidMir #PressFreedom
Just last month, senior analyst Raza Rumi was shot at in Lahore that killed his driver.
#Pakistan #HamidMir #PressFreedom
Missiles of India: List of Indian Missiles.
India successfully test fired the supersonic cruise missile BrahMos from Chandipur, Orissa
Brahmos missile is jointly designed by India and Russia and is capable of carrying conventional warheads upto 200-300 kg and have a range of 290 km.
Till today India has test fired more than 25 missiles which include Air to Air, Surface to Surface, Surface to Air, Cruise Missiles, Ballistic missiles etc.
Here is the list of Missiles available in the armory of India.
Air-to-air missiles
Astra
Anti Ballistic Missiles'
Prithvi Air Defence Missile (Exo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile)
Advanced Air Defense Missile (Endo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile)
Surface-to-surface missiles
Short Range Ballistic Missiles
Prithvi I
Prithvi II
Prithvi III
Dhanush
Agni I
Shaurya
Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles
Agni-II
Agni-IIAT
Agni-III
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
Agni V
Surya(under development/not confirmed)
Cruise Missiles
Subsonic Cruise Missiles
Nirbhay
Supersonic Cruise Missiles
BrahMos
Hypersonic Cruise Missiles
BrahMos II
Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles
K-15 Sagarika
K-XX
Surface-To-Air Missiles
Trishul
Akash
Maitri
Barak2
Guided Missiles
Anti-Tank Guided Missiles
Nag Anti-tank guided missile
Helina Air launched Anti-tank missile
Brahmos missile is jointly designed by India and Russia and is capable of carrying conventional warheads upto 200-300 kg and have a range of 290 km.
Till today India has test fired more than 25 missiles which include Air to Air, Surface to Surface, Surface to Air, Cruise Missiles, Ballistic missiles etc.
Here is the list of Missiles available in the armory of India.
Air-to-air missiles
Astra
Anti Ballistic Missiles'
Prithvi Air Defence Missile (Exo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile)
Advanced Air Defense Missile (Endo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missile)
Surface-to-surface missiles
Short Range Ballistic Missiles
Prithvi I
Prithvi II
Prithvi III
Dhanush
Agni I
Shaurya
Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles
Agni-II
Agni-IIAT
Agni-III
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
Agni V
Surya(under development/not confirmed)
Cruise Missiles
Subsonic Cruise Missiles
Nirbhay
Supersonic Cruise Missiles
BrahMos
Hypersonic Cruise Missiles
BrahMos II
Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles
K-15 Sagarika
K-XX
Surface-To-Air Missiles
Trishul
Akash
Maitri
Barak2
Guided Missiles
Anti-Tank Guided Missiles
Nag Anti-tank guided missile
Helina Air launched Anti-tank missile
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